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---
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date: "2019-11-21T17:00:00-03:00"
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title: "Usage: Automatically Linked References"
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slug: "automatically-linked-references"
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weight: 15
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toc: true
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draft: false
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menu:
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sidebar:
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parent: "usage"
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name: "Automatically Linked References"
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weight: 15
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identifier: "automatically-linked-references"
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---
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# Automatically Linked References in Issues, Pull Requests and Commit Messages
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When an issue, pull request or comment is posted, the text description is parsed
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in search for references. These references will be shown as links in the Issue View
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and, in some cases, produce certain _actions_.
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Likewise, commit messages are parsed when they are listed, and _actions_
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are can be triggered when they are pushed to the main branch.
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To prevent the creation of unintended references, there are certain rules
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for them to be recognized. For example, they should not be included inside code
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text. They should also be reasonably cleared from their surrounding text
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(for example, using spaces).
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## User, Team and Organization Mentions
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When a text in the form `@username` is found and `username` matches the name
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of an existing user, a _mention_ reference is created. This will be shown
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by changing the text into a link to said user's profile, and possibly create
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a notification for the mentioned user depending on whether they have
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the necessary permission to access the contents.
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Example:
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> [@John](#), can you give this a look?
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This is also valid for teams and organizations:
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> [@Documenters](#), we need to plan for this.
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> [@CoolCompanyInc](#), this issue concerns us all!
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Teams will receive mail notifications when appropriate, but whole organizations won't.
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Commit messages do not produce user notifications.
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## Commits
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Commits can be referenced using their SHA1 hash, or a portion of it of
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at least seven characters. They will be shown as a link to the corresponding
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commit.
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Example:
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> This bug was introduced in [e59ff077](#)
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## Issues and Pull Requests
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A reference to another issue or pull request can be created using the simple
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notation `#1234`, where _1234_ is the number of an issue or pull request
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in the same repository. These references will be shown as links to the
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referenced content.
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The effect of creating this type of reference is that a _notice_ will be
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created in the referenced document, provided the creator of the reference
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has reading permissions on it.
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Example:
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> This seems related to [#1234](#)
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Issues and pull requests in other repositories can be referred to as well
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using the form `owner/repository#1234`:
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> This seems related to [mike/compiler#1234](#)
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Alternatively, the `!1234` notation can be used as well. Even when in Gitea
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a pull request is a form of issue, the `#1234` form will always link to
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an issue; if the linked entry happens to be a pull request instead, Gitea
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will redirect as appropriate. With the `!1234` notation, a pull request
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link will be created, which will be redirected to an issue if required.
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However, this distinction could be important if an external tracker is
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used, where links to issues and pull requests are not interchangeable.
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## Actionable References in Pull Requests and Commit Messages
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Sometimes a commit or pull request may fix or bring back a problem documented
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in a particular issue. Gitea supports closing and reopening the referenced
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issues by preceding the reference with a particular _keyword_. Common keywords
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include "closes", "fixes", "reopens", etc. This list can be
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[customized]({{< ref "/doc/advanced/config-cheat-sheet.en-us.md" >}}) by the
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site administrator.
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Example:
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> This PR _closes_ [#1234](#)
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If the actionable reference is accepted, this will create a notice on the
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referenced issue announcing that it will be closed when the referencing PR
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is merged.
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For an actionable reference to be accepted, _at least one_ of the following
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conditions must be met:
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* The commenter has permissions to close or reopen the issue at the moment
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of creating the reference.
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* The reference is inside a commit message.
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* The reference is posted as part of the pull request description.
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In the last case, the issue will be closed or reopened only if the merger
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of the pull request has permissions to do so.
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Additionally, only pull requests and commit messages can create an action,
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and only issues can be closed or reopened this way.
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The default _keywords_ are:
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* **Closing**: close, closes, closed, fix, fixes, fixed, resolve, resolves, resolved
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* **Reopening**: reopen, reopens, reopened
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## External Trackers
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Gitea supports the use of external issue trackers, and references to issues
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hosted externally can be created in pull requests. However, if the external
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tracker uses numbers to identify issues, they will be indistinguishable from
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the pull requests hosted in Gitea. To address this, Gitea allows the use of
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the `!` marker to identify pull requests. For example:
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> This is issue [#1234](#), and links to the external tracker.
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> This is pull request [!1234](#), and links to a pull request in Gitea.
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The `!` and `#` can be used interchangeably for issues and pull request _except_
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for this case, where a distinction is required. If the repository uses external
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tracker, commit message for squash merge will use `!` as reference by default.
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## Issues and Pull Requests References Summary
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This table illustrates the different kinds of cross-reference for issues and pull requests.
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In the examples, `User1/Repo1` refers to the repository where the reference is used, while
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`UserZ/RepoZ` indicates a different repository.
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| Reference in User1/Repo1 | Repo1 issues are external | RepoZ issues are external | Should render |
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|---------------------------|:-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|----------------------------------|
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| `#1234` | no | N/A | A link to issue/pull 1234 in `User1/Repo1` |
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| `!1234` | no | N/A | A link to issue/pull 1234 in `User1/Repo1` |
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| `#1234` | yes | N/A | A link to _external issue_ 1234 for `User1/Repo1` |
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| `!1234` | yes | N/A | A link to _PR_ 1234 for `User1/Repo1` |
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| `User1/Repo1#1234` | no | N/A | A link to issue/pull 1234 in `User1/Repo1` |
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| `User1/Repo1!1234` | no | N/A | A link to issue/pull 1234 in `User1/Repo1` |
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| `User1/Repo1#1234` | yes | N/A | A link to _external issue_ 1234 for `User1/Repo1` |
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| `User1/Repo1!1234` | yes | N/A | A link to _PR_ 1234 for `User1/Repo1` |
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| `UserZ/RepoZ#1234` | N/A | no | A link to issue/pull 1234 in `UserZ/RepoZ` |
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| `UserZ/RepoZ!1234` | N/A | no | A link to issue/pull 1234 in `UserZ/RepoZ` |
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| `UserZ/RepoZ#1234` | N/A | yes | A link to _external issue_ 1234 for `UserZ/RepoZ` |
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| `UserZ/RepoZ!1234` | N/A | yes | A link to _PR_ 1234 for `UserZ/RepoZ` |
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| **Alphanumeric issue IDs:** | - | - | - |
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| `AAA-1234` | yes | N/A | A link to _external issue_ `AAA-1234` for `User1/Repo1` |
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| `!1234` | yes | N/A | A link to _PR_ 1234 for `User1/Repo1` |
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| `User1/Repo1!1234` | yes | N/A | A link to _PR_ 1234 for `User1/Repo1` |
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| _Not supported_ | N/A | yes | A link to _external issue_ `AAA-1234` for `UserZ/RepoZ` |
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| `UserZ/RepoZ!1234` | N/A | yes | A link to _PR_ 1234 in `UserZ/RepoZ` |
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_The last section is for repositories with external issue trackers that use alphanumeric format._
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_**N/A**: not applicable._
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Note: automatic references between repositories with different types of issues (external vs. internal) are not fully supported
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and may render invalid links.
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