diff --git a/models/git/branch.go b/models/git/branch.go
index db02fc9b28b..fa0781fed1d 100644
--- a/models/git/branch.go
+++ b/models/git/branch.go
@@ -158,6 +158,11 @@ func GetBranch(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, branchName string) (*Branch, e
 	return &branch, nil
 }
 
+func GetBranches(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, branchNames []string) ([]*Branch, error) {
+	branches := make([]*Branch, 0, len(branchNames))
+	return branches, db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=?", repoID).In("name", branchNames).Find(&branches)
+}
+
 func AddBranches(ctx context.Context, branches []*Branch) error {
 	for _, branch := range branches {
 		if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Insert(branch); err != nil {
diff --git a/routers/private/hook_post_receive.go b/routers/private/hook_post_receive.go
index 4eafe3923df..c5504126f86 100644
--- a/routers/private/hook_post_receive.go
+++ b/routers/private/hook_post_receive.go
@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 
+	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
 	issues_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/issues"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/gitrepo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/private"
 	repo_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/repository"
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ func HookPostReceive(ctx *gitea_context.PrivateContext) {
 
 	// We don't rely on RepoAssignment here because:
 	// a) we don't need the git repo in this function
+	//    OUT OF DATE: we do need the git repo to sync the branch to the db now.
 	// b) our update function will likely change the repository in the db so we will need to refresh it
 	// c) we don't always need the repo
 
@@ -34,7 +37,11 @@ func HookPostReceive(ctx *gitea_context.PrivateContext) {
 	repoName := ctx.Params(":repo")
 
 	// defer getting the repository at this point - as we should only retrieve it if we're going to call update
-	var repo *repo_model.Repository
+	var (
+		repo    *repo_model.Repository
+		gitRepo *git.Repository
+	)
+	defer gitRepo.Close() // it's safe to call Close on a nil pointer
 
 	updates := make([]*repo_module.PushUpdateOptions, 0, len(opts.OldCommitIDs))
 	wasEmpty := false
@@ -87,6 +94,63 @@ func HookPostReceive(ctx *gitea_context.PrivateContext) {
 			})
 			return
 		}
+
+		branchesToSync := make([]*repo_module.PushUpdateOptions, 0, len(updates))
+		for _, update := range updates {
+			if !update.RefFullName.IsBranch() {
+				continue
+			}
+			if repo == nil {
+				repo = loadRepository(ctx, ownerName, repoName)
+				if ctx.Written() {
+					return
+				}
+				wasEmpty = repo.IsEmpty
+			}
+
+			if update.IsDelRef() {
+				if err := git_model.AddDeletedBranch(ctx, repo.ID, update.RefFullName.BranchName(), update.PusherID); err != nil {
+					log.Error("Failed to add deleted branch: %s/%s Error: %v", ownerName, repoName, err)
+					ctx.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, private.HookPostReceiveResult{
+						Err: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to add deleted branch: %s/%s Error: %v", ownerName, repoName, err),
+					})
+					return
+				}
+			} else {
+				branchesToSync = append(branchesToSync, update)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(branchesToSync) > 0 {
+			if gitRepo == nil {
+				var err error
+				gitRepo, err = gitrepo.OpenRepository(ctx, repo)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error("Failed to open repository: %s/%s Error: %v", ownerName, repoName, err)
+					ctx.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, private.HookPostReceiveResult{
+						Err: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open repository: %s/%s Error: %v", ownerName, repoName, err),
+					})
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			var (
+				branchNames = make([]string, 0, len(branchesToSync))
+				commitIDs   = make([]string, 0, len(branchesToSync))
+			)
+			for _, update := range branchesToSync {
+				branchNames = append(branchNames, update.RefFullName.BranchName())
+				commitIDs = append(commitIDs, update.NewCommitID)
+			}
+
+			if err := repo_service.SyncBranchesToDB(ctx, repo.ID, opts.UserID, branchNames, commitIDs, func(commitID string) (*git.Commit, error) {
+				return gitRepo.GetCommit(commitID)
+			}); err != nil {
+				ctx.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, private.HookPostReceiveResult{
+					Err: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to sync branch to DB in repository: %s/%s Error: %v", ownerName, repoName, err),
+				})
+				return
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Handle Push Options
diff --git a/services/repository/branch.go b/services/repository/branch.go
index 55cedf5d84b..402814fb9a3 100644
--- a/services/repository/branch.go
+++ b/services/repository/branch.go
@@ -221,44 +221,91 @@ func checkBranchName(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, name stri
 	return err
 }
 
-// syncBranchToDB sync the branch information in the database. It will try to update the branch first,
-// if updated success with affect records > 0, then all are done. Because that means the branch has been in the database.
-// If no record is affected, that means the branch does not exist in database. So there are two possibilities.
-// One is this is a new branch, then we just need to insert the record. Another is the branches haven't been synced,
-// then we need to sync all the branches into database.
-func syncBranchToDB(ctx context.Context, repoID, pusherID int64, branchName string, commit *git.Commit) error {
-	cnt, err := git_model.UpdateBranch(ctx, repoID, pusherID, branchName, commit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("git_model.UpdateBranch %d:%s failed: %v", repoID, branchName, err)
-	}
-	if cnt > 0 { // This means branch does exist, so it's a normal update. It also means the branch has been synced.
-		return nil
-	}
+// SyncBranchesToDB sync the branch information in the database.
+// It will check whether the branches of the repository have never been synced before.
+// If so, it will sync all branches of the repository.
+// Otherwise, it will sync the branches that need to be updated.
+func SyncBranchesToDB(ctx context.Context, repoID, pusherID int64, branchNames, commitIDs []string, getCommit func(commitID string) (*git.Commit, error)) error {
+	// Some designs that make the code look strange but are made for performance optimization purposes:
+	// 1. Sync branches in a batch to reduce the number of DB queries.
+	// 2. Lazy load commit information since it may be not necessary.
+	// 3. Exit early if synced all branches of git repo when there's no branch in DB.
+	// 4. Check the branches in DB if they are already synced.
+	//
+	// If the user pushes many branches at once, the Git hook will call the internal API in batches, rather than all at once.
+	// See https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/cb52b17f92e2d2293f7c003649743464492bca48/cmd/hook.go#L27
+	// For the first batch, it will hit optimization 3.
+	// For other batches, it will hit optimization 4.
+
+	if len(branchNames) != len(commitIDs) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("branchNames and commitIDs length not match")
+	}
+
+	return db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		branches, err := git_model.GetBranches(ctx, repoID, branchNames)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("git_model.GetBranches: %v", err)
+		}
 
-	// if user haven't visit UI but directly push to a branch after upgrading from 1.20 -> 1.21,
-	// we cannot simply insert the branch but need to check we have branches or not
-	hasBranch, err := db.Exist[git_model.Branch](ctx, git_model.FindBranchOptions{
-		RepoID:          repoID,
-		IsDeletedBranch: optional.Some(false),
-	}.ToConds())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if !hasBranch {
-		if _, err = repo_module.SyncRepoBranches(ctx, repoID, pusherID); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("repo_module.SyncRepoBranches %d:%s failed: %v", repoID, branchName, err)
+		if len(branches) == 0 {
+			// if user haven't visit UI but directly push to a branch after upgrading from 1.20 -> 1.21,
+			// we cannot simply insert the branch but need to check we have branches or not
+			hasBranch, err := db.Exist[git_model.Branch](ctx, git_model.FindBranchOptions{
+				RepoID:          repoID,
+				IsDeletedBranch: optional.Some(false),
+			}.ToConds())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if !hasBranch {
+				if _, err = repo_module.SyncRepoBranches(ctx, repoID, pusherID); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("repo_module.SyncRepoBranches %d failed: %v", repoID, err)
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
 		}
-		return nil
-	}
 
-	// if database have branches but not this branch, it means this is a new branch
-	return db.Insert(ctx, &git_model.Branch{
-		RepoID:        repoID,
-		Name:          branchName,
-		CommitID:      commit.ID.String(),
-		CommitMessage: commit.Summary(),
-		PusherID:      pusherID,
-		CommitTime:    timeutil.TimeStamp(commit.Committer.When.Unix()),
+		branchMap := make(map[string]*git_model.Branch, len(branches))
+		for _, branch := range branches {
+			branchMap[branch.Name] = branch
+		}
+
+		newBranches := make([]*git_model.Branch, 0, len(branchNames))
+
+		for i, branchName := range branchNames {
+			commitID := commitIDs[i]
+			branch, exist := branchMap[branchName]
+			if exist && branch.CommitID == commitID {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			commit, err := getCommit(branchName)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("get commit of %s failed: %v", branchName, err)
+			}
+
+			if exist {
+				if _, err := git_model.UpdateBranch(ctx, repoID, pusherID, branchName, commit); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("git_model.UpdateBranch %d:%s failed: %v", repoID, branchName, err)
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			// if database have branches but not this branch, it means this is a new branch
+			newBranches = append(newBranches, &git_model.Branch{
+				RepoID:        repoID,
+				Name:          branchName,
+				CommitID:      commit.ID.String(),
+				CommitMessage: commit.Summary(),
+				PusherID:      pusherID,
+				CommitTime:    timeutil.TimeStamp(commit.Committer.When.Unix()),
+			})
+		}
+
+		if len(newBranches) > 0 {
+			return db.Insert(ctx, newBranches)
+		}
+		return nil
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/services/repository/push.go b/services/repository/push.go
index 9aaf0e1c9bc..89a3127902a 100644
--- a/services/repository/push.go
+++ b/services/repository/push.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
-	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/cache"
@@ -259,10 +258,6 @@ func pushUpdates(optsList []*repo_module.PushUpdateOptions) error {
 					commits.Commits = commits.Commits[:setting.UI.FeedMaxCommitNum]
 				}
 
-				if err = syncBranchToDB(ctx, repo.ID, opts.PusherID, branch, newCommit); err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("git_model.UpdateBranch %s:%s failed: %v", repo.FullName(), branch, err)
-				}
-
 				notify_service.PushCommits(ctx, pusher, repo, opts, commits)
 
 				// Cache for big repository
@@ -275,10 +270,6 @@ func pushUpdates(optsList []*repo_module.PushUpdateOptions) error {
 					// close all related pulls
 					log.Error("close related pull request failed: %v", err)
 				}
-
-				if err := git_model.AddDeletedBranch(ctx, repo.ID, branch, pusher.ID); err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("AddDeletedBranch %s:%s failed: %v", repo.FullName(), branch, err)
-				}
 			}
 
 			// Even if user delete a branch on a repository which he didn't watch, he will be watch that.
diff --git a/tests/integration/git_push_test.go b/tests/integration/git_push_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb2910b175e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/git_push_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	repo_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/repository"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGitPush(t *testing.T) {
+	onGiteaRun(t, testGitPush)
+}
+
+func testGitPush(t *testing.T, u *url.URL) {
+	t.Run("Push branches at once", func(t *testing.T) {
+		runTestGitPush(t, u, func(t *testing.T, gitPath string) (pushed, deleted []string) {
+			for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+				branchName := fmt.Sprintf("branch-%d", i)
+				pushed = append(pushed, branchName)
+				doGitCreateBranch(gitPath, branchName)(t)
+			}
+			pushed = append(pushed, "master")
+			doGitPushTestRepository(gitPath, "origin", "--all")(t)
+			return pushed, deleted
+		})
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Push branches one by one", func(t *testing.T) {
+		runTestGitPush(t, u, func(t *testing.T, gitPath string) (pushed, deleted []string) {
+			for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+				branchName := fmt.Sprintf("branch-%d", i)
+				doGitCreateBranch(gitPath, branchName)(t)
+				doGitPushTestRepository(gitPath, "origin", branchName)(t)
+				pushed = append(pushed, branchName)
+			}
+			return pushed, deleted
+		})
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Delete branches", func(t *testing.T) {
+		runTestGitPush(t, u, func(t *testing.T, gitPath string) (pushed, deleted []string) {
+			doGitPushTestRepository(gitPath, "origin", "master")(t) // make sure master is the default branch instead of a branch we are going to delete
+			pushed = append(pushed, "master")
+
+			for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+				branchName := fmt.Sprintf("branch-%d", i)
+				pushed = append(pushed, branchName)
+				doGitCreateBranch(gitPath, branchName)(t)
+			}
+			doGitPushTestRepository(gitPath, "origin", "--all")(t)
+
+			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+				branchName := fmt.Sprintf("branch-%d", i)
+				doGitPushTestRepository(gitPath, "origin", "--delete", branchName)(t)
+				deleted = append(deleted, branchName)
+			}
+			return pushed, deleted
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func runTestGitPush(t *testing.T, u *url.URL, gitOperation func(t *testing.T, gitPath string) (pushed, deleted []string)) {
+	user := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{ID: 2})
+	repo, err := repo_service.CreateRepository(db.DefaultContext, user, user, repo_service.CreateRepoOptions{
+		Name:          "repo-to-push",
+		Description:   "test git push",
+		AutoInit:      false,
+		DefaultBranch: "main",
+		IsPrivate:     false,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, repo)
+
+	gitPath := t.TempDir()
+
+	doGitInitTestRepository(gitPath)(t)
+
+	oldPath := u.Path
+	oldUser := u.User
+	defer func() {
+		u.Path = oldPath
+		u.User = oldUser
+	}()
+	u.Path = repo.FullName() + ".git"
+	u.User = url.UserPassword(user.LowerName, userPassword)
+
+	doGitAddRemote(gitPath, "origin", u)(t)
+
+	gitRepo, err := git.OpenRepository(git.DefaultContext, gitPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer gitRepo.Close()
+
+	pushedBranches, deletedBranches := gitOperation(t, gitPath)
+
+	dbBranches := make([]*git_model.Branch, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, db.GetEngine(db.DefaultContext).Where("repo_id=?", repo.ID).Find(&dbBranches))
+	assert.Equalf(t, len(pushedBranches), len(dbBranches), "mismatched number of branches in db")
+	dbBranchesMap := make(map[string]*git_model.Branch, len(dbBranches))
+	for _, branch := range dbBranches {
+		dbBranchesMap[branch.Name] = branch
+	}
+
+	deletedBranchesMap := make(map[string]bool, len(deletedBranches))
+	for _, branchName := range deletedBranches {
+		deletedBranchesMap[branchName] = true
+	}
+
+	for _, branchName := range pushedBranches {
+		branch, ok := dbBranchesMap[branchName]
+		deleted := deletedBranchesMap[branchName]
+		assert.True(t, ok, "branch %s not found in database", branchName)
+		assert.Equal(t, deleted, branch.IsDeleted, "IsDeleted of %s is %v, but it's expected to be %v", branchName, branch.IsDeleted, deleted)
+		commitID, err := gitRepo.GetBranchCommitID(branchName)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, commitID, branch.CommitID)
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, repo_service.DeleteRepositoryDirectly(db.DefaultContext, user, repo.ID))
+}