Official Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol
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go-ethereum/trie/verkle.go

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// Copyright 2023 go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package trie
import (
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/trienode"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
"github.com/gballet/go-verkle"
"github.com/holiman/uint256"
)
var (
zero [32]byte
errInvalidRootType = errors.New("invalid node type for root")
)
// VerkleTrie is a wrapper around VerkleNode that implements the trie.Trie
// interface so that Verkle trees can be reused verbatim.
type VerkleTrie struct {
root verkle.VerkleNode
db *Database
cache *utils.PointCache
reader *trieReader
}
// NewVerkleTrie constructs a verkle tree based on the specified root hash.
func NewVerkleTrie(root common.Hash, db *Database, cache *utils.PointCache) (*VerkleTrie, error) {
reader, err := newTrieReader(root, common.Hash{}, db)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Parse the root verkle node if it's not empty.
node := verkle.New()
if root != types.EmptyVerkleHash && root != types.EmptyRootHash {
blob, err := reader.node(nil, common.Hash{})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
node, err = verkle.ParseNode(blob, 0)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return &VerkleTrie{
root: node,
db: db,
cache: cache,
reader: reader,
}, nil
}
// GetKey returns the sha3 preimage of a hashed key that was previously used
// to store a value.
func (t *VerkleTrie) GetKey(key []byte) []byte {
return key
}
// GetAccount implements state.Trie, retrieving the account with the specified
// account address. If the specified account is not in the verkle tree, nil will
// be returned. If the tree is corrupted, an error will be returned.
func (t *VerkleTrie) GetAccount(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
var (
acc = &types.StateAccount{}
values [][]byte
err error
)
switch n := t.root.(type) {
case *verkle.InternalNode:
values, err = n.GetValuesAtStem(t.cache.GetStem(addr[:]), t.nodeResolver)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetAccount (%x) error: %v", addr, err)
}
default:
return nil, errInvalidRootType
}
if values == nil {
return nil, nil
}
// Decode nonce in little-endian
if len(values[utils.NonceLeafKey]) > 0 {
acc.Nonce = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(values[utils.NonceLeafKey])
}
// Decode balance in little-endian
var balance [32]byte
copy(balance[:], values[utils.BalanceLeafKey])
for i := 0; i < len(balance)/2; i++ {
balance[len(balance)-i-1], balance[i] = balance[i], balance[len(balance)-i-1]
}
acc.Balance = new(uint256.Int).SetBytes32(balance[:])
// Decode codehash
acc.CodeHash = values[utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey]
// TODO account.Root is leave as empty. How should we handle the legacy account?
return acc, nil
}
// GetStorage implements state.Trie, retrieving the storage slot with the specified
// account address and storage key. If the specified slot is not in the verkle tree,
// nil will be returned. If the tree is corrupted, an error will be returned.
func (t *VerkleTrie) GetStorage(addr common.Address, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
k := utils.StorageSlotKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(t.cache.Get(addr.Bytes()), key)
val, err := t.root.Get(k, t.nodeResolver)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return common.TrimLeftZeroes(val), nil
}
// UpdateAccount implements state.Trie, writing the provided account into the tree.
// If the tree is corrupted, an error will be returned.
func (t *VerkleTrie) UpdateAccount(addr common.Address, acc *types.StateAccount) error {
var (
err error
nonce, balance [32]byte
values = make([][]byte, verkle.NodeWidth)
)
values[utils.VersionLeafKey] = zero[:]
values[utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey] = acc.CodeHash[:]
// Encode nonce in little-endian
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(nonce[:], acc.Nonce)
values[utils.NonceLeafKey] = nonce[:]
// Encode balance in little-endian
bytes := acc.Balance.Bytes()
if len(bytes) > 0 {
for i, b := range bytes {
balance[len(bytes)-i-1] = b
}
}
values[utils.BalanceLeafKey] = balance[:]
switch n := t.root.(type) {
case *verkle.InternalNode:
err = n.InsertValuesAtStem(t.cache.GetStem(addr[:]), values, t.nodeResolver)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("UpdateAccount (%x) error: %v", addr, err)
}
default:
return errInvalidRootType
}
// TODO figure out if the code size needs to be updated, too
return nil
}
// UpdateStorage implements state.Trie, writing the provided storage slot into
// the tree. If the tree is corrupted, an error will be returned.
func (t *VerkleTrie) UpdateStorage(address common.Address, key, value []byte) error {
// Left padding the slot value to 32 bytes.
var v [32]byte
if len(value) >= 32 {
copy(v[:], value[:32])
} else {
copy(v[32-len(value):], value[:])
}
k := utils.StorageSlotKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(t.cache.Get(address.Bytes()), key)
return t.root.Insert(k, v[:], t.nodeResolver)
}
// DeleteAccount implements state.Trie, deleting the specified account from the
// trie. If the account was not existent in the trie, no error will be returned.
// If the trie is corrupted, an error will be returned.
func (t *VerkleTrie) DeleteAccount(addr common.Address) error {
var (
err error
values = make([][]byte, verkle.NodeWidth)
)
for i := 0; i < verkle.NodeWidth; i++ {
values[i] = zero[:]
}
switch n := t.root.(type) {
case *verkle.InternalNode:
err = n.InsertValuesAtStem(t.cache.GetStem(addr.Bytes()), values, t.nodeResolver)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("DeleteAccount (%x) error: %v", addr, err)
}
default:
return errInvalidRootType
}
return nil
}
// DeleteStorage implements state.Trie, deleting the specified storage slot from
// the trie. If the storage slot was not existent in the trie, no error will be
// returned. If the trie is corrupted, an error will be returned.
func (t *VerkleTrie) DeleteStorage(addr common.Address, key []byte) error {
var zero [32]byte
k := utils.StorageSlotKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(t.cache.Get(addr.Bytes()), key)
return t.root.Insert(k, zero[:], t.nodeResolver)
}
// Hash returns the root hash of the tree. It does not write to the database and
// can be used even if the tree doesn't have one.
func (t *VerkleTrie) Hash() common.Hash {
return t.root.Commit().Bytes()
}
// Commit writes all nodes to the tree's memory database.
func (t *VerkleTrie) Commit(_ bool) (common.Hash, *trienode.NodeSet, error) {
root, ok := t.root.(*verkle.InternalNode)
if !ok {
return common.Hash{}, nil, errors.New("unexpected root node type")
}
nodes, err := root.BatchSerialize()
if err != nil {
return common.Hash{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("serializing tree nodes: %s", err)
}
nodeset := trienode.NewNodeSet(common.Hash{})
for _, node := range nodes {
// hash parameter is not used in pathdb
nodeset.AddNode(node.Path, trienode.New(common.Hash{}, node.SerializedBytes))
}
// Serialize root commitment form
return t.Hash(), nodeset, nil
}
// NodeIterator implements state.Trie, returning an iterator that returns
// nodes of the trie. Iteration starts at the key after the given start key.
//
// TODO(gballet, rjl493456442) implement it.
func (t *VerkleTrie) NodeIterator(startKey []byte) (NodeIterator, error) {
panic("not implemented")
}
// Prove implements state.Trie, constructing a Merkle proof for key. The result
// contains all encoded nodes on the path to the value at key. The value itself
// is also included in the last node and can be retrieved by verifying the proof.
//
// If the trie does not contain a value for key, the returned proof contains all
// nodes of the longest existing prefix of the key (at least the root), ending
// with the node that proves the absence of the key.
//
// TODO(gballet, rjl493456442) implement it.
func (t *VerkleTrie) Prove(key []byte, proofDb ethdb.KeyValueWriter) error {
panic("not implemented")
}
// Copy returns a deep-copied verkle tree.
func (t *VerkleTrie) Copy() *VerkleTrie {
return &VerkleTrie{
root: t.root.Copy(),
db: t.db,
cache: t.cache,
reader: t.reader,
}
}
// IsVerkle indicates if the trie is a Verkle trie.
func (t *VerkleTrie) IsVerkle() bool {
return true
}
// ChunkedCode represents a sequence of 32-bytes chunks of code (31 bytes of which
// are actual code, and 1 byte is the pushdata offset).
type ChunkedCode []byte
// Copy the values here so as to avoid an import cycle
const (
PUSH1 = byte(0x60)
PUSH32 = byte(0x7f)
)
// ChunkifyCode generates the chunked version of an array representing EVM bytecode
func ChunkifyCode(code []byte) ChunkedCode {
var (
chunkOffset = 0 // offset in the chunk
chunkCount = len(code) / 31
codeOffset = 0 // offset in the code
)
if len(code)%31 != 0 {
chunkCount++
}
chunks := make([]byte, chunkCount*32)
for i := 0; i < chunkCount; i++ {
// number of bytes to copy, 31 unless the end of the code has been reached.
end := 31 * (i + 1)
if len(code) < end {
end = len(code)
}
copy(chunks[i*32+1:], code[31*i:end]) // copy the code itself
// chunk offset = taken from the last chunk.
if chunkOffset > 31 {
// skip offset calculation if push data covers the whole chunk
chunks[i*32] = 31
chunkOffset = 1
continue
}
chunks[32*i] = byte(chunkOffset)
chunkOffset = 0
// Check each instruction and update the offset it should be 0 unless
// a PUSH-N overflows.
for ; codeOffset < end; codeOffset++ {
if code[codeOffset] >= PUSH1 && code[codeOffset] <= PUSH32 {
codeOffset += int(code[codeOffset] - PUSH1 + 1)
if codeOffset+1 >= 31*(i+1) {
codeOffset++
chunkOffset = codeOffset - 31*(i+1)
break
}
}
}
}
return chunks
}
// UpdateContractCode implements state.Trie, writing the provided contract code
// into the trie.
func (t *VerkleTrie) UpdateContractCode(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash, code []byte) error {
var (
chunks = ChunkifyCode(code)
values [][]byte
key []byte
err error
)
for i, chunknr := 0, uint64(0); i < len(chunks); i, chunknr = i+32, chunknr+1 {
groupOffset := (chunknr + 128) % 256
if groupOffset == 0 /* start of new group */ || chunknr == 0 /* first chunk in header group */ {
values = make([][]byte, verkle.NodeWidth)
key = utils.CodeChunkKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(t.cache.Get(addr.Bytes()), uint256.NewInt(chunknr))
}
values[groupOffset] = chunks[i : i+32]
// Reuse the calculated key to also update the code size.
if i == 0 {
cs := make([]byte, 32)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(cs, uint64(len(code)))
values[utils.CodeSizeLeafKey] = cs
}
if groupOffset == 255 || len(chunks)-i <= 32 {
switch root := t.root.(type) {
case *verkle.InternalNode:
err = root.InsertValuesAtStem(key[:31], values, t.nodeResolver)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("UpdateContractCode (addr=%x) error: %w", addr[:], err)
}
default:
return errInvalidRootType
}
}
}
return nil
}
func (t *VerkleTrie) ToDot() string {
return verkle.ToDot(t.root)
}
func (t *VerkleTrie) nodeResolver(path []byte) ([]byte, error) {
return t.reader.node(path, common.Hash{})
}