Official Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol
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go-ethereum/miner/worker.go

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17 KiB

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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package miner
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
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"math/big"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip1559"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip4844"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/txpool"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
"github.com/holiman/uint256"
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)
var (
errBlockInterruptedByNewHead = errors.New("new head arrived while building block")
errBlockInterruptedByRecommit = errors.New("recommit interrupt while building block")
errBlockInterruptedByTimeout = errors.New("timeout while building block")
)
// environment is the worker's current environment and holds all
// information of the sealing block generation.
type environment struct {
signer types.Signer
state *state.StateDB // apply state changes here
tcount int // tx count in cycle
gasPool *core.GasPool // available gas used to pack transactions
coinbase common.Address
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header *types.Header
txs []*types.Transaction
receipts []*types.Receipt
sidecars []*types.BlobTxSidecar
blobs int
}
const (
commitInterruptNone int32 = iota
commitInterruptNewHead
commitInterruptResubmit
commitInterruptTimeout
)
// newPayloadResult is the result of payload generation.
type newPayloadResult struct {
err error
block *types.Block
fees *big.Int // total block fees
sidecars []*types.BlobTxSidecar // collected blobs of blob transactions
stateDB *state.StateDB // StateDB after executing the transactions
receipts []*types.Receipt // Receipts collected during construction
}
// generateParams wraps various settings for generating sealing task.
type generateParams struct {
timestamp uint64 // The timestamp for sealing task
forceTime bool // Flag whether the given timestamp is immutable or not
parentHash common.Hash // Parent block hash, empty means the latest chain head
coinbase common.Address // The fee recipient address for including transaction
random common.Hash // The randomness generated by beacon chain, empty before the merge
withdrawals types.Withdrawals // List of withdrawals to include in block (shanghai field)
beaconRoot *common.Hash // The beacon root (cancun field).
noTxs bool // Flag whether an empty block without any transaction is expected
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}
// generateWork generates a sealing block based on the given parameters.
func (miner *Miner) generateWork(params *generateParams) *newPayloadResult {
work, err := miner.prepareWork(params)
if err != nil {
return &newPayloadResult{err: err}
}
if !params.noTxs {
interrupt := new(atomic.Int32)
timer := time.AfterFunc(miner.config.Recommit, func() {
interrupt.Store(commitInterruptTimeout)
})
defer timer.Stop()
err := miner.fillTransactions(interrupt, work)
if errors.Is(err, errBlockInterruptedByTimeout) {
log.Warn("Block building is interrupted", "allowance", common.PrettyDuration(miner.config.Recommit))
}
}
body := types.Body{Transactions: work.txs, Withdrawals: params.withdrawals}
block, err := miner.engine.FinalizeAndAssemble(miner.chain, work.header, work.state, &body, work.receipts)
if err != nil {
return &newPayloadResult{err: err}
}
return &newPayloadResult{
block: block,
fees: totalFees(block, work.receipts),
sidecars: work.sidecars,
stateDB: work.state,
receipts: work.receipts,
}
}
// prepareWork constructs the sealing task according to the given parameters,
// either based on the last chain head or specified parent. In this function
// the pending transactions are not filled yet, only the empty task returned.
func (miner *Miner) prepareWork(genParams *generateParams) (*environment, error) {
miner.confMu.RLock()
defer miner.confMu.RUnlock()
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// Find the parent block for sealing task
parent := miner.chain.CurrentBlock()
if genParams.parentHash != (common.Hash{}) {
block := miner.chain.GetBlockByHash(genParams.parentHash)
if block == nil {
return nil, errors.New("missing parent")
}
parent = block.Header()
}
// Sanity check the timestamp correctness, recap the timestamp
// to parent+1 if the mutation is allowed.
timestamp := genParams.timestamp
if parent.Time >= timestamp {
if genParams.forceTime {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid timestamp, parent %d given %d", parent.Time, timestamp)
}
timestamp = parent.Time + 1
}
// Construct the sealing block header.
header := &types.Header{
ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
Number: new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number, common.Big1),
GasLimit: core.CalcGasLimit(parent.GasLimit, miner.config.GasCeil),
Time: timestamp,
Coinbase: genParams.coinbase,
}
// Set the extra field.
if len(miner.config.ExtraData) != 0 {
header.Extra = miner.config.ExtraData
}
// Set the randomness field from the beacon chain if it's available.
if genParams.random != (common.Hash{}) {
header.MixDigest = genParams.random
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}
// Set baseFee and GasLimit if we are on an EIP-1559 chain
if miner.chainConfig.IsLondon(header.Number) {
header.BaseFee = eip1559.CalcBaseFee(miner.chainConfig, parent)
if !miner.chainConfig.IsLondon(parent.Number) {
parentGasLimit := parent.GasLimit * miner.chainConfig.ElasticityMultiplier()
header.GasLimit = core.CalcGasLimit(parentGasLimit, miner.config.GasCeil)
}
}
// Run the consensus preparation with the default or customized consensus engine.
// Note that the `header.Time` may be changed.
if err := miner.engine.Prepare(miner.chain, header); err != nil {
log.Error("Failed to prepare header for sealing", "err", err)
return nil, err
}
// Apply EIP-4844, EIP-4788.
if miner.chainConfig.IsCancun(header.Number, header.Time) {
var excessBlobGas uint64
if miner.chainConfig.IsCancun(parent.Number, parent.Time) {
excessBlobGas = eip4844.CalcExcessBlobGas(*parent.ExcessBlobGas, *parent.BlobGasUsed)
} else {
// For the first post-fork block, both parent.data_gas_used and parent.excess_data_gas are evaluated as 0
excessBlobGas = eip4844.CalcExcessBlobGas(0, 0)
}
header.BlobGasUsed = new(uint64)
header.ExcessBlobGas = &excessBlobGas
header.ParentBeaconRoot = genParams.beaconRoot
}
// Could potentially happen if starting to mine in an odd state.
// Note genParams.coinbase can be different with header.Coinbase
// since clique algorithm can modify the coinbase field in header.
env, err := miner.makeEnv(parent, header, genParams.coinbase)
if err != nil {
log.Error("Failed to create sealing context", "err", err)
return nil, err
}
if header.ParentBeaconRoot != nil {
context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, miner.chain, nil)
vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, vm.TxContext{}, env.state, miner.chainConfig, vm.Config{})
core.ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(*header.ParentBeaconRoot, vmenv, env.state)
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}
return env, nil
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}
// makeEnv creates a new environment for the sealing block.
func (miner *Miner) makeEnv(parent *types.Header, header *types.Header, coinbase common.Address) (*environment, error) {
// Retrieve the parent state to execute on top and start a prefetcher for
// the miner to speed block sealing up a bit.
state, err := miner.chain.StateAt(parent.Root)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Note the passed coinbase may be different with header.Coinbase.
return &environment{
signer: types.MakeSigner(miner.chainConfig, header.Number, header.Time),
state: state,
coinbase: coinbase,
header: header,
}, nil
}
func (miner *Miner) commitTransaction(env *environment, tx *types.Transaction) error {
if tx.Type() == types.BlobTxType {
return miner.commitBlobTransaction(env, tx)
}
receipt, err := miner.applyTransaction(env, tx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
env.txs = append(env.txs, tx)
env.receipts = append(env.receipts, receipt)
env.tcount++
return nil
}
func (miner *Miner) commitBlobTransaction(env *environment, tx *types.Transaction) error {
sc := tx.BlobTxSidecar()
if sc == nil {
panic("blob transaction without blobs in miner")
}
// Checking against blob gas limit: It's kind of ugly to perform this check here, but there
// isn't really a better place right now. The blob gas limit is checked at block validation time
// and not during execution. This means core.ApplyTransaction will not return an error if the
// tx has too many blobs. So we have to explicitly check it here.
if (env.blobs+len(sc.Blobs))*params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob > params.MaxBlobGasPerBlock {
return errors.New("max data blobs reached")
}
receipt, err := miner.applyTransaction(env, tx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
env.txs = append(env.txs, tx.WithoutBlobTxSidecar())
env.receipts = append(env.receipts, receipt)
env.sidecars = append(env.sidecars, sc)
env.blobs += len(sc.Blobs)
*env.header.BlobGasUsed += receipt.BlobGasUsed
env.tcount++
return nil
}
// applyTransaction runs the transaction. If execution fails, state and gas pool are reverted.
func (miner *Miner) applyTransaction(env *environment, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Receipt, error) {
var (
snap = env.state.Snapshot()
gp = env.gasPool.Gas()
)
receipt, err := core.ApplyTransaction(miner.chainConfig, miner.chain, &env.coinbase, env.gasPool, env.state, env.header, tx, &env.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
if err != nil {
env.state.RevertToSnapshot(snap)
env.gasPool.SetGas(gp)
}
return receipt, err
}
func (miner *Miner) commitTransactions(env *environment, plainTxs, blobTxs *transactionsByPriceAndNonce, interrupt *atomic.Int32) error {
gasLimit := env.header.GasLimit
if env.gasPool == nil {
env.gasPool = new(core.GasPool).AddGas(gasLimit)
}
for {
// Check interruption signal and abort building if it's fired.
if interrupt != nil {
if signal := interrupt.Load(); signal != commitInterruptNone {
return signalToErr(signal)
}
}
// If we don't have enough gas for any further transactions then we're done.
if env.gasPool.Gas() < params.TxGas {
log.Trace("Not enough gas for further transactions", "have", env.gasPool, "want", params.TxGas)
break
}
// If we don't have enough blob space for any further blob transactions,
// skip that list altogether
if !blobTxs.Empty() && env.blobs*params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob >= params.MaxBlobGasPerBlock {
log.Trace("Not enough blob space for further blob transactions")
blobTxs.Clear()
// Fall though to pick up any plain txs
}
// Retrieve the next transaction and abort if all done.
var (
ltx *txpool.LazyTransaction
txs *transactionsByPriceAndNonce
)
pltx, ptip := plainTxs.Peek()
bltx, btip := blobTxs.Peek()
switch {
case pltx == nil:
txs, ltx = blobTxs, bltx
case bltx == nil:
txs, ltx = plainTxs, pltx
default:
if ptip.Lt(btip) {
txs, ltx = blobTxs, bltx
} else {
txs, ltx = plainTxs, pltx
}
}
if ltx == nil {
break
}
// If we don't have enough space for the next transaction, skip the account.
if env.gasPool.Gas() < ltx.Gas {
log.Trace("Not enough gas left for transaction", "hash", ltx.Hash, "left", env.gasPool.Gas(), "needed", ltx.Gas)
txs.Pop()
continue
}
if left := uint64(params.MaxBlobGasPerBlock - env.blobs*params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob); left < ltx.BlobGas {
log.Trace("Not enough blob gas left for transaction", "hash", ltx.Hash, "left", left, "needed", ltx.BlobGas)
txs.Pop()
continue
}
// Transaction seems to fit, pull it up from the pool
tx := ltx.Resolve()
if tx == nil {
log.Trace("Ignoring evicted transaction", "hash", ltx.Hash)
txs.Pop()
continue
}
// Error may be ignored here. The error has already been checked
// during transaction acceptance in the transaction pool.
core/types: support for optional blob sidecar in BlobTx (#27841) This PR removes the newly added txpool.Transaction wrapper type, and instead adds a way of keeping the blob sidecar within types.Transaction. It's better this way because most code in go-ethereum does not care about blob transactions, and probably never will. This will start mattering especially on the client side of RPC, where all APIs are based on types.Transaction. Users need to be able to use the same signing flows they already have. However, since blobs are only allowed in some places but not others, we will now need to add checks to avoid creating invalid blocks. I'm still trying to figure out the best place to do some of these. The way I have it currently is as follows: - In block validation (import), txs are verified not to have a blob sidecar. - In miner, we strip off the sidecar when committing the transaction into the block. - In TxPool validation, txs must have a sidecar to be added into the blobpool. - Note there is a special case here: when transactions are re-added because of a chain reorg, we cannot use the transactions gathered from the old chain blocks as-is, because they will be missing their blobs. This was previously handled by storing the blobs into the 'blobpool limbo'. The code has now changed to store the full transaction in the limbo instead, but it might be confusing for code readers why we're not simply adding the types.Transaction we already have. Code changes summary: - txpool.Transaction removed and all uses replaced by types.Transaction again - blobpool now stores types.Transaction instead of defining its own blobTx format for storage - the blobpool limbo now stores types.Transaction instead of storing only the blobs - checks to validate the presence/absence of the blob sidecar added in certain critical places
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from, _ := types.Sender(env.signer, tx)
// Check whether the tx is replay protected. If we're not in the EIP155 hf
// phase, start ignoring the sender until we do.
if tx.Protected() && !miner.chainConfig.IsEIP155(env.header.Number) {
log.Trace("Ignoring replay protected transaction", "hash", ltx.Hash, "eip155", miner.chainConfig.EIP155Block)
txs.Pop()
continue
}
// Start executing the transaction
core/types: support for optional blob sidecar in BlobTx (#27841) This PR removes the newly added txpool.Transaction wrapper type, and instead adds a way of keeping the blob sidecar within types.Transaction. It's better this way because most code in go-ethereum does not care about blob transactions, and probably never will. This will start mattering especially on the client side of RPC, where all APIs are based on types.Transaction. Users need to be able to use the same signing flows they already have. However, since blobs are only allowed in some places but not others, we will now need to add checks to avoid creating invalid blocks. I'm still trying to figure out the best place to do some of these. The way I have it currently is as follows: - In block validation (import), txs are verified not to have a blob sidecar. - In miner, we strip off the sidecar when committing the transaction into the block. - In TxPool validation, txs must have a sidecar to be added into the blobpool. - Note there is a special case here: when transactions are re-added because of a chain reorg, we cannot use the transactions gathered from the old chain blocks as-is, because they will be missing their blobs. This was previously handled by storing the blobs into the 'blobpool limbo'. The code has now changed to store the full transaction in the limbo instead, but it might be confusing for code readers why we're not simply adding the types.Transaction we already have. Code changes summary: - txpool.Transaction removed and all uses replaced by types.Transaction again - blobpool now stores types.Transaction instead of defining its own blobTx format for storage - the blobpool limbo now stores types.Transaction instead of storing only the blobs - checks to validate the presence/absence of the blob sidecar added in certain critical places
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env.state.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), env.tcount)
err := miner.commitTransaction(env, tx)
switch {
case errors.Is(err, core.ErrNonceTooLow):
// New head notification data race between the transaction pool and miner, shift
log.Trace("Skipping transaction with low nonce", "hash", ltx.Hash, "sender", from, "nonce", tx.Nonce())
txs.Shift()
case errors.Is(err, nil):
// Everything ok, collect the logs and shift in the next transaction from the same account
txs.Shift()
default:
// Transaction is regarded as invalid, drop all consecutive transactions from
// the same sender because of `nonce-too-high` clause.
log.Debug("Transaction failed, account skipped", "hash", ltx.Hash, "err", err)
txs.Pop()
}
}
return nil
}
// fillTransactions retrieves the pending transactions from the txpool and fills them
// into the given sealing block. The transaction selection and ordering strategy can
// be customized with the plugin in the future.
func (miner *Miner) fillTransactions(interrupt *atomic.Int32, env *environment) error {
miner.confMu.RLock()
tip := miner.config.GasPrice
miner.confMu.RUnlock()
// Retrieve the pending transactions pre-filtered by the 1559/4844 dynamic fees
filter := txpool.PendingFilter{
MinTip: uint256.MustFromBig(tip),
}
if env.header.BaseFee != nil {
filter.BaseFee = uint256.MustFromBig(env.header.BaseFee)
}
if env.header.ExcessBlobGas != nil {
filter.BlobFee = uint256.MustFromBig(eip4844.CalcBlobFee(*env.header.ExcessBlobGas))
}
filter.OnlyPlainTxs, filter.OnlyBlobTxs = true, false
pendingPlainTxs := miner.txpool.Pending(filter)
filter.OnlyPlainTxs, filter.OnlyBlobTxs = false, true
pendingBlobTxs := miner.txpool.Pending(filter)
// Split the pending transactions into locals and remotes.
localPlainTxs, remotePlainTxs := make(map[common.Address][]*txpool.LazyTransaction), pendingPlainTxs
localBlobTxs, remoteBlobTxs := make(map[common.Address][]*txpool.LazyTransaction), pendingBlobTxs
for _, account := range miner.txpool.Locals() {
if txs := remotePlainTxs[account]; len(txs) > 0 {
delete(remotePlainTxs, account)
localPlainTxs[account] = txs
}
if txs := remoteBlobTxs[account]; len(txs) > 0 {
delete(remoteBlobTxs, account)
localBlobTxs[account] = txs
}
}
// Fill the block with all available pending transactions.
if len(localPlainTxs) > 0 || len(localBlobTxs) > 0 {
plainTxs := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(env.signer, localPlainTxs, env.header.BaseFee)
blobTxs := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(env.signer, localBlobTxs, env.header.BaseFee)
if err := miner.commitTransactions(env, plainTxs, blobTxs, interrupt); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if len(remotePlainTxs) > 0 || len(remoteBlobTxs) > 0 {
plainTxs := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(env.signer, remotePlainTxs, env.header.BaseFee)
blobTxs := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(env.signer, remoteBlobTxs, env.header.BaseFee)
if err := miner.commitTransactions(env, plainTxs, blobTxs, interrupt); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// totalFees computes total consumed miner fees in Wei. Block transactions and receipts have to have the same order.
func totalFees(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt) *big.Int {
feesWei := new(big.Int)
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
minerFee, _ := tx.EffectiveGasTip(block.BaseFee())
feesWei.Add(feesWei, new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(receipts[i].GasUsed), minerFee))
}
return feesWei
}
// signalToErr converts the interruption signal to a concrete error type for return.
// The given signal must be a valid interruption signal.
func signalToErr(signal int32) error {
switch signal {
case commitInterruptNewHead:
return errBlockInterruptedByNewHead
case commitInterruptResubmit:
return errBlockInterruptedByRecommit
case commitInterruptTimeout:
return errBlockInterruptedByTimeout
default:
panic(fmt.Errorf("undefined signal %d", signal))
}
}