go-ethereum/core/state_processor_test.go

// Copyright 2020 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package core

import (
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"encoding/binary"
	"math/big"
	"testing"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/beacon"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip1559"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip4844"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
)

func u64(val uint64) *uint64 { return &val }

// TestStateProcessorErrors tests the output from the 'core' errors
// as defined in core/error.go. These errors are generated when the
// blockchain imports bad blocks, meaning blocks which have valid headers but
// contain invalid transactions
func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		config = &params.ChainConfig{
			ChainID:                       big.NewInt(1),
			HomesteadBlock:                big.NewInt(0),
			EIP150Block:                   big.NewInt(0),
			EIP155Block:                   big.NewInt(0),
			EIP158Block:                   big.NewInt(0),
			ByzantiumBlock:                big.NewInt(0),
			ConstantinopleBlock:           big.NewInt(0),
			PetersburgBlock:               big.NewInt(0),
			IstanbulBlock:                 big.NewInt(0),
			MuirGlacierBlock:              big.NewInt(0),
			BerlinBlock:                   big.NewInt(0),
			LondonBlock:                   big.NewInt(0),
			Ethash:                        new(params.EthashConfig),
			TerminalTotalDifficulty:       big.NewInt(0),
			TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed: true,
			ShanghaiTime:                  new(uint64),
			CancunTime:                    new(uint64),
		}
		signer  = types.LatestSigner(config)
		key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202002020202020")
	)
	var makeTx = func(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, nonce uint64, to common.Address, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, data []byte) *types.Transaction {
		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, data), signer, key)
		return tx
	}
	var mkDynamicTx = func(nonce uint64, to common.Address, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap *big.Int) *types.Transaction {
		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
			Nonce:     nonce,
			GasTipCap: gasTipCap,
			GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,
			Gas:       gasLimit,
			To:        &to,
			Value:     big.NewInt(0),
		}), signer, key1)
		return tx
	}
	var mkDynamicCreationTx = func(nonce uint64, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap *big.Int, data []byte) *types.Transaction {
		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
			Nonce:     nonce,
			GasTipCap: gasTipCap,
			GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,
			Gas:       gasLimit,
			Value:     big.NewInt(0),
			Data:      data,
		}), signer, key1)
		return tx
	}
	var mkBlobTx = func(nonce uint64, to common.Address, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, blobGasFeeCap *big.Int, hashes []common.Hash) *types.Transaction {
		tx, err := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.BlobTx{
			Nonce:      nonce,
			GasTipCap:  uint256.MustFromBig(gasTipCap),
			GasFeeCap:  uint256.MustFromBig(gasFeeCap),
			Gas:        gasLimit,
			To:         to,
			BlobHashes: hashes,
			BlobFeeCap: uint256.MustFromBig(blobGasFeeCap),
			Value:      new(uint256.Int),
		}), signer, key1)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		return tx
	}

	{ // Tests against a 'recent' chain definition
		var (
			db    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
			gspec = &Genesis{
				Config: config,
				Alloc: types.GenesisAlloc{
					common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): types.Account{
						Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
						Nonce:   0,
					},
					common.HexToAddress("0xfd0810DD14796680f72adf1a371963d0745BCc64"): types.Account{
						Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
						Nonce:   math.MaxUint64,
					},
				},
			}
			blockchain, _  = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil)
			tooBigInitCode = [params.MaxInitCodeSize + 1]byte{}
		)

		defer blockchain.Stop()
		bigNumber := new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.MaxHash.Bytes())
		tooBigNumber := new(big.Int).Set(bigNumber)
		tooBigNumber.Add(tooBigNumber, common.Big1)
		for i, tt := range []struct {
			txs  []*types.Transaction
			want string
		}{
			{ // ErrNonceTooLow
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
					makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 1 [0x0026256b3939ed97e2c4a6f3fce8ecf83bdcfa6d507c47838c308a1fb0436f62]: nonce too low: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 0 state: 1",
			},
			{ // ErrNonceTooHigh
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key1, 100, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xdebad714ca7f363bd0d8121c4518ad48fa469ca81b0a081be3d10c17460f751b]: nonce too high: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 100 state: 0",
			},
			{ // ErrNonceMax
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key2, math.MaxUint64, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x84ea18d60eb2bb3b040e3add0eb72f757727122cc257dd858c67cb6591a85986]: nonce has max value: address 0xfd0810DD14796680f72adf1a371963d0745BCc64, nonce: 18446744073709551615",
			},
			{ // ErrGasLimitReached
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), 21000000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached",
			},
			{ // ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x98c796b470f7fcab40aaef5c965a602b0238e1034cce6fb73823042dd0638d74]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1000018375000000000",
			},
			{ // ErrInsufficientFunds
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(900000000000000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x4a69690c4b0cd85e64d0d9ea06302455b01e10a83db964d60281739752003440]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 18900000000000000000000",
			},
			// ErrGasUintOverflow
			// One missing 'core' error is ErrGasUintOverflow: "gas uint64 overflow",
			// In order to trigger that one, we'd have to allocate a _huge_ chunk of data, such that the
			// multiplication len(data) +gas_per_byte overflows uint64. Not testable at the moment
			{ // ErrIntrinsicGas
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xcf3b049a0b516cb4f9274b3e2a264359e2ba53b2fb64b7bda2c634d5c9d01fca]: intrinsic gas too low: have 20000, want 21000",
			},
			{ // ErrGasLimitReached
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas*1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached",
			},
			{ // ErrFeeCapTooLow
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xc4ab868fef0c82ae0387b742aee87907f2d0fc528fc6ea0a021459fb0fc4a4a8]: max fee per gas less than block base fee: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas: 0, baseFee: 875000000",
			},
			{ // ErrTipVeryHigh
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, tooBigNumber, big.NewInt(1)),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x15b8391b9981f266b32f3ab7da564bbeb3d6c21628364ea9b32a21139f89f712]: max priority fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas bit length: 257",
			},
			{ // ErrFeeCapVeryHigh
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), tooBigNumber),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x48bc299b83fdb345c57478f239e89814bb3063eb4e4b49f3b6057a69255c16bd]: max fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas bit length: 257",
			},
			{ // ErrTipAboveFeeCap
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(1)),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xf987a31ff0c71895780a7612f965a0c8b056deb54e020bb44fa478092f14c9b4]: max priority fee per gas higher than max fee per gas: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas: 2, maxFeePerGas: 1",
			},
			{ // ErrInsufficientFunds
				// Available balance:           1000000000000000000
				// Effective cost:                   18375000021000
				// FeeCap * gas:                1050000000000000000
				// This test is designed to have the effective cost be covered by the balance, but
				// the extended requirement on FeeCap*gas < balance to fail
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(50000000000000)),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x413603cd096a87f41b1660d3ed3e27d62e1da78eac138961c0a1314ed43bd129]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1050000000000000000",
			},
			{ // Another ErrInsufficientFunds, this one to ensure that feecap/tip of max u256 is allowed
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, bigNumber, bigNumber),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd82a0c2519acfeac9a948258c47e784acd20651d9d80f9a1c67b4137651c3a24]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 required balance exceeds 256 bits",
			},
			{ // ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 500000, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd491405f06c92d118dd3208376fcee18a57c54bc52063ee4a26b1cf296857c25]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
			},
			{ // ErrIntrinsicGas: Not enough gas to cover init code
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 54299, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), make([]byte, 320)),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xfd49536a9b323769d8472fcb3ebb3689b707a349379baee3e2ee3fe7baae06a1]: intrinsic gas too low: have 54299, want 54300",
			},
			{ // ErrBlobFeeCapTooLow
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkBlobTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), []common.Hash{(common.Hash{1})}),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x6c11015985ce82db691d7b2d017acda296db88b811c3c60dc71449c76256c716]: max fee per gas less than block base fee: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas: 1, baseFee: 875000000",
			},
		} {
			block := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), tt.txs, gspec.Config)
			_, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})
			if err == nil {
				t.Fatal("block imported without errors")
			}
			if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {
				t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)
			}
		}
	}

	// ErrTxTypeNotSupported, For this, we need an older chain
	{
		var (
			db    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
			gspec = &Genesis{
				Config: &params.ChainConfig{
					ChainID:             big.NewInt(1),
					HomesteadBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
					EIP150Block:         big.NewInt(0),
					EIP155Block:         big.NewInt(0),
					EIP158Block:         big.NewInt(0),
					ByzantiumBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
					ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),
					PetersburgBlock:     big.NewInt(0),
					IstanbulBlock:       big.NewInt(0),
					MuirGlacierBlock:    big.NewInt(0),
				},
				Alloc: types.GenesisAlloc{
					common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): types.Account{
						Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
						Nonce:   0,
					},
				},
			}
			blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
		)
		defer blockchain.Stop()
		for i, tt := range []struct {
			txs  []*types.Transaction
			want string
		}{
			{ // ErrTxTypeNotSupported
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x88626ac0d53cb65308f2416103c62bb1f18b805573d4f96a3640bbbfff13c14f]: transaction type not supported",
			},
		} {
			block := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config)
			_, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})
			if err == nil {
				t.Fatal("block imported without errors")
			}
			if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {
				t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)
			}
		}
	}

	// ErrSenderNoEOA, for this we need the sender to have contract code
	{
		var (
			db    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
			gspec = &Genesis{
				Config: config,
				Alloc: types.GenesisAlloc{
					common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): types.Account{
						Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
						Nonce:   0,
						Code:    common.FromHex("0xB0B0FACE"),
					},
				},
			}
			blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil)
		)
		defer blockchain.Stop()
		for i, tt := range []struct {
			txs  []*types.Transaction
			want string
		}{
			{ // ErrSenderNoEOA
				txs: []*types.Transaction{
					mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),
				},
				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x88626ac0d53cb65308f2416103c62bb1f18b805573d4f96a3640bbbfff13c14f]: sender not an eoa: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, codehash: 0x9280914443471259d4570a8661015ae4a5b80186dbc619658fb494bebc3da3d1",
			},
		} {
			block := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), tt.txs, gspec.Config)
			_, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})
			if err == nil {
				t.Fatal("block imported without errors")
			}
			if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {
				t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)
			}
		}
	}
}

// GenerateBadBlock constructs a "block" which contains the transactions. The transactions are not expected to be
// valid, and no proper post-state can be made. But from the perspective of the blockchain, the block is sufficiently
// valid to be considered for import:
// - valid pow (fake), ancestry, difficulty, gaslimit etc
func GenerateBadBlock(parent *types.Block, engine consensus.Engine, txs types.Transactions, config *params.ChainConfig) *types.Block {
	difficulty := big.NewInt(0)
	if !config.TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed {
		fakeChainReader := newChainMaker(nil, config, engine)
		difficulty = engine.CalcDifficulty(fakeChainReader, parent.Time()+10, &types.Header{
			Number:     parent.Number(),
			Time:       parent.Time(),
			Difficulty: parent.Difficulty(),
			UncleHash:  parent.UncleHash(),
		})
	}

	header := &types.Header{
		ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
		Coinbase:   parent.Coinbase(),
		Difficulty: difficulty,
		GasLimit:   parent.GasLimit(),
		Number:     new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number(), common.Big1),
		Time:       parent.Time() + 10,
		UncleHash:  types.EmptyUncleHash,
	}
	if config.IsLondon(header.Number) {
		header.BaseFee = eip1559.CalcBaseFee(config, parent.Header())
	}
	if config.IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time) {
		header.WithdrawalsHash = &types.EmptyWithdrawalsHash
	}
	var receipts []*types.Receipt
	// The post-state result doesn't need to be correct (this is a bad block), but we do need something there
	// Preferably something unique. So let's use a combo of blocknum + txhash
	hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()
	hasher.Write(header.Number.Bytes())
	var cumulativeGas uint64
	var nBlobs int
	for _, tx := range txs {
		txh := tx.Hash()
		hasher.Write(txh[:])
		receipt := types.NewReceipt(nil, false, cumulativeGas+tx.Gas())
		receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash()
		receipt.GasUsed = tx.Gas()
		receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
		cumulativeGas += tx.Gas()
		nBlobs += len(tx.BlobHashes())
	}
	header.Root = common.BytesToHash(hasher.Sum(nil))
	if config.IsCancun(header.Number, header.Time) {
		var pExcess, pUsed = uint64(0), uint64(0)
		if parent.ExcessBlobGas() != nil {
			pExcess = *parent.ExcessBlobGas()
			pUsed = *parent.BlobGasUsed()
		}
		excess := eip4844.CalcExcessBlobGas(pExcess, pUsed)
		used := uint64(nBlobs * params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob)
		header.ExcessBlobGas = &excess
		header.BlobGasUsed = &used

		beaconRoot := common.HexToHash("0xbeac00")
		header.ParentBeaconRoot = &beaconRoot
	}
	// Assemble and return the final block for sealing
	body := &types.Body{Transactions: txs}
	if config.IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time) {
		body.Withdrawals = []*types.Withdrawal{}
	}
	return types.NewBlock(header, body, receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
}

var (
	code                            = common.FromHex(`6060604052600a8060106000396000f360606040526008565b00`)
	intrinsicContractCreationGas, _ = IntrinsicGas(code, nil, true, true, true, true)
	// A contract creation that calls EXTCODECOPY in the constructor. Used to ensure that the witness
	// will not contain that copied data.
	// Source: https://gist.github.com/gballet/a23db1e1cb4ed105616b5920feb75985
	codeWithExtCodeCopy                = common.FromHex(`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`)
	intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas, _ = IntrinsicGas(codeWithExtCodeCopy, nil, true, true, true, true)
)

func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		config = &params.ChainConfig{
			ChainID:                       big.NewInt(1),
			HomesteadBlock:                big.NewInt(0),
			EIP150Block:                   big.NewInt(0),
			EIP155Block:                   big.NewInt(0),
			EIP158Block:                   big.NewInt(0),
			ByzantiumBlock:                big.NewInt(0),
			ConstantinopleBlock:           big.NewInt(0),
			PetersburgBlock:               big.NewInt(0),
			IstanbulBlock:                 big.NewInt(0),
			MuirGlacierBlock:              big.NewInt(0),
			BerlinBlock:                   big.NewInt(0),
			LondonBlock:                   big.NewInt(0),
			Ethash:                        new(params.EthashConfig),
			ShanghaiTime:                  u64(0),
			VerkleTime:                    u64(0),
			TerminalTotalDifficulty:       common.Big0,
			TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed: true,
			// TODO uncomment when proof generation is merged
			// ProofInBlocks:                 true,
		}
		signer     = types.LatestSigner(config)
		testKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		bcdb       = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase() // Database for the blockchain
		coinbase   = common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7")
		gspec      = &Genesis{
			Config: config,
			Alloc: GenesisAlloc{
				coinbase: GenesisAccount{
					Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
					Nonce:   0,
				},
			},
		}
	)
	// Verkle trees use the snapshot, which must be enabled before the
	// data is saved into the tree+database.
	// genesis := gspec.MustCommit(bcdb, triedb)
	cacheConfig := DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme("path")
	cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit = 0
	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(bcdb, cacheConfig, gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil)
	defer blockchain.Stop()

	txCost1 := params.TxGas
	txCost2 := params.TxGas
	contractCreationCost := intrinsicContractCreationGas +
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* creation with value */
		739 /* execution costs */
	codeWithExtCodeCopyGas := intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas +
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation (tx) */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation (CREATE at pc=0x20) */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #0 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #1 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #2 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #3 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #4 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #5 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + /* SLOAD in constructor */
		params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* SSTORE in constructor */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation (CREATE at PC=0x121) */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #0 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #1 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #2 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #3 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #4 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #5 */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + /* SLOAD in constructor */
		params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* SSTORE in constructor */
		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash for tx creation */
		15*(params.WitnessChunkReadCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost) + /* code chunks #0..#14 */
		4844 /* execution costs */
	blockGasUsagesExpected := []uint64{
		txCost1*2 + txCost2,
		txCost1*2 + txCost2 + contractCreationCost + codeWithExtCodeCopyGas,
	}
	_, chain, _, proofs, statediffs := GenerateVerkleChainWithGenesis(gspec, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), 2, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		gen.SetPoS()

		// TODO need to check that the tx cost provided is the exact amount used (no remaining left-over)
		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(uint64(i)*3, common.Address{byte(i), 2, 3}, big.NewInt(999), txCost1, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), signer, testKey)
		gen.AddTx(tx)
		tx, _ = types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(uint64(i)*3+1, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(999), txCost1, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), signer, testKey)
		gen.AddTx(tx)
		tx, _ = types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(uint64(i)*3+2, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), txCost2, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), signer, testKey)
		gen.AddTx(tx)

		// Add two contract creations in block #2
		if i == 1 {
			tx, _ = types.SignTx(types.NewContractCreation(6, big.NewInt(16), 3000000, big.NewInt(875000000), code), signer, testKey)
			gen.AddTx(tx)

			tx, _ = types.SignTx(types.NewContractCreation(7, big.NewInt(0), 3000000, big.NewInt(875000000), codeWithExtCodeCopy), signer, testKey)
			gen.AddTx(tx)
		}
	})

	// Check proof for both blocks
	err := verkle.Verify(proofs[0], gspec.ToBlock().Root().Bytes(), chain[0].Root().Bytes(), statediffs[0])
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	err = verkle.Verify(proofs[1], chain[0].Root().Bytes(), chain[1].Root().Bytes(), statediffs[1])
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	t.Log("verified verkle proof, inserting blocks into the chain")

	endnum, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("block %d imported with error: %v", endnum, err)
	}

	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		b := blockchain.GetBlockByNumber(uint64(i) + 1)
		if b == nil {
			t.Fatalf("expected block %d to be present in chain", i+1)
		}
		if b.Hash() != chain[i].Hash() {
			t.Fatalf("block #%d not found at expected height", b.NumberU64())
		}
		if b.GasUsed() != blockGasUsagesExpected[i] {
			t.Fatalf("expected block #%d txs to use %d, got %d\n", b.NumberU64(), blockGasUsagesExpected[i], b.GasUsed())
		}
	}
}

func TestProcessParentBlockHash(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		chainConfig = params.MergedTestChainConfig
		hashA       = common.Hash{0x01}
		hashB       = common.Hash{0x02}
		header      = &types.Header{ParentHash: hashA, Number: big.NewInt(2), Difficulty: big.NewInt(0)}
		parent      = &types.Header{ParentHash: hashB, Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(0)}
		coinbase    = common.Address{}
	)
	test := func(statedb *state.StateDB) {
		statedb.SetNonce(params.HistoryStorageAddress, 1)
		statedb.SetCode(params.HistoryStorageAddress, params.HistoryStorageCode)
		statedb.IntermediateRoot(true)

		vmContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, nil, &coinbase)
		evm := vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
		ProcessParentBlockHash(header.ParentHash, evm, statedb)

		vmContext = NewEVMBlockContext(parent, nil, &coinbase)
		evm = vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
		ProcessParentBlockHash(parent.ParentHash, evm, statedb)

		// make sure that the state is correct
		if have := getParentBlockHash(statedb, 1); have != hashA {
			t.Errorf("want parent hash %v, have %v", hashA, have)
		}
		if have := getParentBlockHash(statedb, 0); have != hashB {
			t.Errorf("want parent hash %v, have %v", hashB, have)
		}
	}
	t.Run("MPT", func(t *testing.T) {
		statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabaseForTesting())
		test(statedb)
	})
	t.Run("Verkle", func(t *testing.T) {
		db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
		cacheConfig := DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(rawdb.PathScheme)
		cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit = 0
		triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, cacheConfig.triedbConfig(true))
		statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyVerkleHash, state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
		test(statedb)
	})
}

func getParentBlockHash(statedb *state.StateDB, number uint64) common.Hash {
	ringIndex := number % params.HistoryServeWindow
	var key common.Hash
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(key[24:], ringIndex)
	return statedb.GetState(params.HistoryStorageAddress, key)
}