Official Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol
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go-ethereum/les/utils/limiter.go

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// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package utils
import (
"sync"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/enode"
"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
)
const maxSelectionWeight = 1000000000 // maximum selection weight of each individual node/address group
// Limiter protects a network request serving mechanism from denial-of-service attacks.
// It limits the total amount of resources used for serving requests while ensuring that
// the most valuable connections always have a reasonable chance of being served.
type Limiter struct {
lock sync.Mutex
cond *sync.Cond
quit bool
nodes map[enode.ID]*nodeQueue
addresses map[string]*addressGroup
addressSelect, valueSelect *WeightedRandomSelect
maxValue float64
maxCost, sumCost, sumCostLimit uint
selectAddressNext bool
}
// nodeQueue represents queued requests coming from a single node ID
type nodeQueue struct {
queue []request // always nil if penaltyCost != 0
id enode.ID
address string
value float64
flatWeight, valueWeight uint64 // current selection weights in the address/value selectors
sumCost uint // summed cost of requests queued by the node
penaltyCost uint // cumulative cost of dropped requests since last processed request
groupIndex int
}
// addressGroup is a group of node IDs that have sent their last requests from the same
// network address
type addressGroup struct {
nodes []*nodeQueue
nodeSelect *WeightedRandomSelect
sumFlatWeight, groupWeight uint64
}
// request represents an incoming request scheduled for processing
type request struct {
process chan chan struct{}
cost uint
}
// flatWeight distributes weights equally between each active network address
func flatWeight(item interface{}) uint64 { return item.(*nodeQueue).flatWeight }
// add adds the node queue to the address group. It is the caller's responsibility to
// add the address group to the address map and the address selector if it wasn't
// there before.
func (ag *addressGroup) add(nq *nodeQueue) {
if nq.groupIndex != -1 {
panic("added node queue is already in an address group")
}
l := len(ag.nodes)
nq.groupIndex = l
ag.nodes = append(ag.nodes, nq)
ag.sumFlatWeight += nq.flatWeight
ag.groupWeight = ag.sumFlatWeight / uint64(l+1)
ag.nodeSelect.Update(ag.nodes[l])
}
// update updates the selection weight of the node queue inside the address group.
// It is the caller's responsibility to update the group's selection weight in the
// address selector.
func (ag *addressGroup) update(nq *nodeQueue, weight uint64) {
if nq.groupIndex == -1 || nq.groupIndex >= len(ag.nodes) || ag.nodes[nq.groupIndex] != nq {
panic("updated node queue is not in this address group")
}
ag.sumFlatWeight += weight - nq.flatWeight
nq.flatWeight = weight
ag.groupWeight = ag.sumFlatWeight / uint64(len(ag.nodes))
ag.nodeSelect.Update(nq)
}
// remove removes the node queue from the address group. It is the caller's responsibility
// to remove the address group from the address map if it is empty.
func (ag *addressGroup) remove(nq *nodeQueue) {
if nq.groupIndex == -1 || nq.groupIndex >= len(ag.nodes) || ag.nodes[nq.groupIndex] != nq {
panic("removed node queue is not in this address group")
}
l := len(ag.nodes) - 1
if nq.groupIndex != l {
ag.nodes[nq.groupIndex] = ag.nodes[l]
ag.nodes[nq.groupIndex].groupIndex = nq.groupIndex
}
nq.groupIndex = -1
ag.nodes = ag.nodes[:l]
ag.sumFlatWeight -= nq.flatWeight
if l >= 1 {
ag.groupWeight = ag.sumFlatWeight / uint64(l)
} else {
ag.groupWeight = 0
}
ag.nodeSelect.Remove(nq)
}
// choose selects one of the node queues belonging to the address group
func (ag *addressGroup) choose() *nodeQueue {
return ag.nodeSelect.Choose().(*nodeQueue)
}
// NewLimiter creates a new Limiter
func NewLimiter(sumCostLimit uint) *Limiter {
l := &Limiter{
addressSelect: NewWeightedRandomSelect(func(item interface{}) uint64 { return item.(*addressGroup).groupWeight }),
valueSelect: NewWeightedRandomSelect(func(item interface{}) uint64 { return item.(*nodeQueue).valueWeight }),
nodes: make(map[enode.ID]*nodeQueue),
addresses: make(map[string]*addressGroup),
sumCostLimit: sumCostLimit,
}
l.cond = sync.NewCond(&l.lock)
go l.processLoop()
return l
}
// selectionWeights calculates the selection weights of a node for both the address and
// the value selector. The selection weight depends on the next request cost or the
// summed cost of recently dropped requests.
func (l *Limiter) selectionWeights(reqCost uint, value float64) (flatWeight, valueWeight uint64) {
if value > l.maxValue {
l.maxValue = value
}
if value > 0 {
// normalize value to <= 1
value /= l.maxValue
}
if reqCost > l.maxCost {
l.maxCost = reqCost
}
relCost := float64(reqCost) / float64(l.maxCost)
var f float64
if relCost <= 0.001 {
f = 1
} else {
f = 0.001 / relCost
}
f *= maxSelectionWeight
flatWeight, valueWeight = uint64(f), uint64(f*value)
if flatWeight == 0 {
flatWeight = 1
}
return
}
// Add adds a new request to the node queue belonging to the given id. Value belongs
// to the requesting node. A higher value gives the request a higher chance of being
// served quickly in case of heavy load or a DDoS attack. Cost is a rough estimate
// of the serving cost of the request. A lower cost also gives the request a
// better chance.
func (l *Limiter) Add(id enode.ID, address string, value float64, reqCost uint) chan chan struct{} {
l.lock.Lock()
defer l.lock.Unlock()
process := make(chan chan struct{}, 1)
if l.quit {
close(process)
return process
}
if reqCost == 0 {
reqCost = 1
}
if nq, ok := l.nodes[id]; ok {
if nq.queue != nil {
nq.queue = append(nq.queue, request{process, reqCost})
nq.sumCost += reqCost
nq.value = value
if address != nq.address {
// known id sending request from a new address, move to different address group
l.removeFromGroup(nq)
l.addToGroup(nq, address)
}
} else {
// already waiting on a penalty, just add to the penalty cost and drop the request
nq.penaltyCost += reqCost
l.update(nq)
close(process)
return process
}
} else {
nq := &nodeQueue{
queue: []request{{process, reqCost}},
id: id,
value: value,
sumCost: reqCost,
groupIndex: -1,
}
nq.flatWeight, nq.valueWeight = l.selectionWeights(reqCost, value)
if len(l.nodes) == 0 {
l.cond.Signal()
}
l.nodes[id] = nq
if nq.valueWeight != 0 {
l.valueSelect.Update(nq)
}
l.addToGroup(nq, address)
}
l.sumCost += reqCost
if l.sumCost > l.sumCostLimit {
l.dropRequests()
}
return process
}
// update updates the selection weights of the node queue
func (l *Limiter) update(nq *nodeQueue) {
var cost uint
if nq.queue != nil {
cost = nq.queue[0].cost
} else {
cost = nq.penaltyCost
}
flatWeight, valueWeight := l.selectionWeights(cost, nq.value)
ag := l.addresses[nq.address]
ag.update(nq, flatWeight)
l.addressSelect.Update(ag)
nq.valueWeight = valueWeight
l.valueSelect.Update(nq)
}
// addToGroup adds the node queue to the given address group. The group is created if
// it does not exist yet.
func (l *Limiter) addToGroup(nq *nodeQueue, address string) {
nq.address = address
ag := l.addresses[address]
if ag == nil {
ag = &addressGroup{nodeSelect: NewWeightedRandomSelect(flatWeight)}
l.addresses[address] = ag
}
ag.add(nq)
l.addressSelect.Update(ag)
}
// removeFromGroup removes the node queue from its address group
func (l *Limiter) removeFromGroup(nq *nodeQueue) {
ag := l.addresses[nq.address]
ag.remove(nq)
if len(ag.nodes) == 0 {
delete(l.addresses, nq.address)
}
l.addressSelect.Update(ag)
}
// remove removes the node queue from its address group, the nodes map and the value
// selector
func (l *Limiter) remove(nq *nodeQueue) {
l.removeFromGroup(nq)
if nq.valueWeight != 0 {
l.valueSelect.Remove(nq)
}
delete(l.nodes, nq.id)
}
// choose selects the next node queue to process.
func (l *Limiter) choose() *nodeQueue {
if l.valueSelect.IsEmpty() || l.selectAddressNext {
if ag, ok := l.addressSelect.Choose().(*addressGroup); ok {
l.selectAddressNext = false
return ag.choose()
}
}
nq, _ := l.valueSelect.Choose().(*nodeQueue)
l.selectAddressNext = true
return nq
}
// processLoop processes requests sequentially
func (l *Limiter) processLoop() {
l.lock.Lock()
defer l.lock.Unlock()
for {
if l.quit {
for _, nq := range l.nodes {
for _, request := range nq.queue {
close(request.process)
}
}
return
}
nq := l.choose()
if nq == nil {
l.cond.Wait()
continue
}
if nq.queue != nil {
request := nq.queue[0]
nq.queue = nq.queue[1:]
nq.sumCost -= request.cost
l.sumCost -= request.cost
l.lock.Unlock()
ch := make(chan struct{})
request.process <- ch
<-ch
l.lock.Lock()
if len(nq.queue) > 0 {
l.update(nq)
} else {
l.remove(nq)
}
} else {
// penalized queue removed, next request will be added to a clean queue
l.remove(nq)
}
}
}
// Stop stops the processing loop. All queued and future requests are rejected.
func (l *Limiter) Stop() {
l.lock.Lock()
defer l.lock.Unlock()
l.quit = true
l.cond.Signal()
}
type dropListItem struct {
nq *nodeQueue
priority float64
}
// dropRequests selects the nodes with the highest queued request cost to selection
// weight ratio and drops their queued request. The empty node queues stay in the
// selectors with a low selection weight in order to penalize these nodes.
func (l *Limiter) dropRequests() {
var (
sumValue float64
list []dropListItem
)
for _, nq := range l.nodes {
sumValue += nq.value
}
for _, nq := range l.nodes {
if nq.sumCost == 0 {
continue
}
w := 1 / float64(len(l.addresses)*len(l.addresses[nq.address].nodes))
if sumValue > 0 {
w += nq.value / sumValue
}
list = append(list, dropListItem{
nq: nq,
priority: w / float64(nq.sumCost),
})
}
slices.SortFunc(list, func(a, b dropListItem) int {
if a.priority < b.priority {
return -1
}
if a.priority < b.priority {
return 1
}
return 0
})
for _, item := range list {
for _, request := range item.nq.queue {
close(request.process)
}
// make the queue penalized; no more requests are accepted until the node is
// selected based on the penalty cost which is the cumulative cost of all dropped
// requests. This ensures that sending excess requests is always penalized
// and incentivizes the sender to stop for a while if no replies are received.
item.nq.queue = nil
item.nq.penaltyCost = item.nq.sumCost
l.sumCost -= item.nq.sumCost // penalty costs are not counted in sumCost
item.nq.sumCost = 0
l.update(item.nq)
if l.sumCost <= l.sumCostLimit/2 {
return
}
}
}