diff --git a/cmd/blsync/main.go b/cmd/blsync/main.go
index 586f1b79cf..6a35e9d16a 100644
--- a/cmd/blsync/main.go
+++ b/cmd/blsync/main.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/blsync"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ import (
 
 func main() {
 	app := flags.NewApp("beacon light syncer tool")
-	app.Flags = flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+	app.Flags = slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 		utils.BeaconApiFlag,
 		utils.BeaconApiHeaderFlag,
 		utils.BeaconThresholdFlag,
diff --git a/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go b/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go
index 3b5400ca3a..8c48b3a557 100644
--- a/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/devp2p/internal/v4test"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/enode"
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ var (
 		Name:   "listen",
 		Usage:  "Runs a discovery node",
 		Action: discv4Listen,
-		Flags: flags.Merge(discoveryNodeFlags, []cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat(discoveryNodeFlags, []cli.Flag{
 			httpAddrFlag,
 		}),
 	}
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ var (
 		Name:   "crawl",
 		Usage:  "Updates a nodes.json file with random nodes found in the DHT",
 		Action: discv4Crawl,
-		Flags:  flags.Merge(discoveryNodeFlags, []cli.Flag{crawlTimeoutFlag, crawlParallelismFlag}),
+		Flags:  slices.Concat(discoveryNodeFlags, []cli.Flag{crawlTimeoutFlag, crawlParallelismFlag}),
 	}
 	discv4TestCommand = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "test",
diff --git a/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go b/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go
index 0dac945269..2422ef6644 100644
--- a/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ package main
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/devp2p/internal/v5test"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ var (
 		Name:   "crawl",
 		Usage:  "Updates a nodes.json file with random nodes found in the DHT",
 		Action: discv5Crawl,
-		Flags: flags.Merge(discoveryNodeFlags, []cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat(discoveryNodeFlags, []cli.Flag{
 			crawlTimeoutFlag,
 		}),
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/evm/main.go b/cmd/evm/main.go
index 994684ab22..0d4471b8d5 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/main.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/main.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ var traceFlags = []cli.Flag{
 var app = flags.NewApp("the evm command line interface")
 
 func init() {
-	app.Flags = flags.Merge(vmFlags, traceFlags, debug.Flags)
+	app.Flags = slices.Concat(vmFlags, traceFlags, debug.Flags)
 	app.Commands = []*cli.Command{
 		compileCommand,
 		disasmCommand,
diff --git a/cmd/evm/runner.go b/cmd/evm/runner.go
index 235fed6630..3f82deaf70 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/runner.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/runner.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	goruntime "runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ var runCommand = &cli.Command{
 	Usage:       "Run arbitrary evm binary",
 	ArgsUsage:   "<code>",
 	Description: `The run command runs arbitrary EVM code.`,
-	Flags:       flags.Merge(vmFlags, traceFlags),
+	Flags:       slices.Concat(vmFlags, traceFlags),
 }
 
 // readGenesis will read the given JSON format genesis file and return
diff --git a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
index d85e4a83c8..f6dc1cf4bf 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ var (
 		Name:      "init",
 		Usage:     "Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block",
 		ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CachePreimagesFlag,
 			utils.OverrideCancun,
 			utils.OverrideVerkle,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ if one is set.  Otherwise it prints the genesis from the datadir.`,
 		Name:      "import",
 		Usage:     "Import a blockchain file",
 		ArgsUsage: "<filename> (<filename 2> ... <filename N>) ",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.GCModeFlag,
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ processing will proceed even if an individual RLP-file import failure occurs.`,
 		Name:      "export",
 		Usage:     "Export blockchain into file",
 		ArgsUsage: "<filename> [<blockNumFirst> <blockNumLast>]",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ be gzipped.`,
 		Name:      "import-history",
 		Usage:     "Import an Era archive",
 		ArgsUsage: "<dir>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.TxLookupLimitFlag,
 		},
 			utils.DatabaseFlags,
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ from Era archives.
 		Name:      "export-history",
 		Usage:     "Export blockchain history to Era archives",
 		ArgsUsage: "<dir> <first> <last>",
-		Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.DatabaseFlags),
+		Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The export-history command will export blocks and their corresponding receipts
 into Era archives. Eras are typically packaged in steps of 8192 blocks.
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ into Era archives. Eras are typically packaged in steps of 8192 blocks.
 		Name:      "import-preimages",
 		Usage:     "Import the preimage database from an RLP stream",
 		ArgsUsage: "<datafile>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ It's deprecated, please use "geth db import" instead.
 		Name:      "dump",
 		Usage:     "Dump a specific block from storage",
 		ArgsUsage: "[? <blockHash> | <blockNum>]",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.IterativeOutputFlag,
 			utils.ExcludeCodeFlag,
diff --git a/cmd/geth/config.go b/cmd/geth/config.go
index a7f894ab37..842c1c2347 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/config.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/config.go
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ var (
 		Name:        "dumpconfig",
 		Usage:       "Export configuration values in a TOML format",
 		ArgsUsage:   "<dumpfile (optional)>",
-		Flags:       flags.Merge(nodeFlags, rpcFlags),
+		Flags:       slices.Concat(nodeFlags, rpcFlags),
 		Description: `Export configuration values in TOML format (to stdout by default).`,
 	}
 
diff --git a/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go b/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
index 2a59f0052f..bf38c86349 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ var (
 		Action: localConsole,
 		Name:   "console",
 		Usage:  "Start an interactive JavaScript environment",
-		Flags:  flags.Merge(nodeFlags, rpcFlags, consoleFlags),
+		Flags:  slices.Concat(nodeFlags, rpcFlags, consoleFlags),
 		Description: `
 The Geth console is an interactive shell for the JavaScript runtime environment
 which exposes a node admin interface as well as the Ðapp JavaScript API.
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ See https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/javascript-console.`,
 		Name:      "attach",
 		Usage:     "Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)",
 		ArgsUsage: "[endpoint]",
-		Flags:     flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{utils.DataDirFlag, utils.HttpHeaderFlag}, consoleFlags),
+		Flags:     slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{utils.DataDirFlag, utils.HttpHeaderFlag}, consoleFlags),
 		Description: `
 The Geth console is an interactive shell for the JavaScript runtime environment
 which exposes a node admin interface as well as the Ðapp JavaScript API.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ This command allows to open a console on a running geth node.`,
 		Name:      "js",
 		Usage:     "(DEPRECATED) Execute the specified JavaScript files",
 		ArgsUsage: "<jsfile> [jsfile...]",
-		Flags:     flags.Merge(nodeFlags, consoleFlags),
+		Flags:     slices.Concat(nodeFlags, consoleFlags),
 		Description: `
 The JavaScript VM exposes a node admin interface as well as the Ðapp
 JavaScript API. See https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/javascript-console`,
diff --git a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
index 052ae0eab2..7622246050 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ var (
 		Name:      "removedb",
 		Usage:     "Remove blockchain and state databases",
 		ArgsUsage: "",
-		Flags: flags.Merge(utils.DatabaseFlags,
+		Flags: slices.Concat(utils.DatabaseFlags,
 			[]cli.Flag{removeStateDataFlag, removeChainDataFlag}),
 		Description: `
 Remove blockchain and state databases`,
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 		Action:    inspect,
 		Name:      "inspect",
 		ArgsUsage: "<prefix> <start>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Usage:       "Inspect the storage size for each type of data in the database",
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 		Action:    checkStateContent,
 		Name:      "check-state-content",
 		ArgsUsage: "<start (optional)>",
-		Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+		Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Usage:     "Verify that state data is cryptographically correct",
 		Description: `This command iterates the entire database for 32-byte keys, looking for rlp-encoded trie nodes.
 For each trie node encountered, it checks that the key corresponds to the keccak256(value). If this is not true, this indicates
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ a data corruption.`,
 		Action: dbStats,
 		Name:   "stats",
 		Usage:  "Print leveldb statistics",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 	}
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ a data corruption.`,
 		Action: dbCompact,
 		Name:   "compact",
 		Usage:  "Compact leveldb database. WARNING: May take a very long time",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 		Name:      "get",
 		Usage:     "Show the value of a database key",
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 		Name:      "delete",
 		Usage:     "Delete a database key (WARNING: may corrupt your database)",
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command deletes the specified database key from the database.
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Name:      "put",
 		Usage:     "Set the value of a database key (WARNING: may corrupt your database)",
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key> <hex-encoded value>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command sets a given database key to the given value.
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Name:      "dumptrie",
 		Usage:     "Show the storage key/values of a given storage trie",
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded state root> <hex-encoded account hash> <hex-encoded storage trie root> <hex-encoded start (optional)> <int max elements (optional)>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Name:      "freezer-index",
 		Usage:     "Dump out the index of a specific freezer table",
 		ArgsUsage: "<freezer-type> <table-type> <start (int)> <end (int)>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command displays information about the freezer index.",
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Name:      "import",
 		Usage:     "Imports leveldb-data from an exported RLP dump.",
 		ArgsUsage: "<dumpfile> <start (optional)",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "The import command imports the specific chain data from an RLP encoded stream.",
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Name:      "export",
 		Usage:     "Exports the chain data into an RLP dump. If the <dumpfile> has .gz suffix, gzip compression will be used.",
 		ArgsUsage: "<type> <dumpfile>",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "Exports the specified chain data to an RLP encoded stream, optionally gzip-compressed.",
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Action: showMetaData,
 		Name:   "metadata",
 		Usage:  "Shows metadata about the chain status.",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "Shows metadata about the chain status.",
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Name:      "inspect-history",
 		Usage:     "Inspect the state history within block range",
 		ArgsUsage: "<address> [OPTIONAL <storage-slot>]",
-		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+		Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			&cli.Uint64Flag{
 				Name:  "start",
diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index 2675a61675..7999b3baeb 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ const (
 
 var (
 	// flags that configure the node
-	nodeFlags = flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+	nodeFlags = slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 		utils.IdentityFlag,
 		utils.UnlockedAccountFlag,
 		utils.PasswordFileFlag,
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ func init() {
 	}
 	sort.Sort(cli.CommandsByName(app.Commands))
 
-	app.Flags = flags.Merge(
+	app.Flags = slices.Concat(
 		nodeFlags,
 		rpcFlags,
 		consoleFlags,
diff --git a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
index 14c6826e1d..f0be52a0df 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/snapshot.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ var (
 				Usage:     "Prune stale ethereum state data based on the snapshot",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    pruneState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+				Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 					utils.BloomFilterSizeFlag,
 				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ WARNING: it's only supported in hash mode(--state.scheme=hash)".
 				Usage:     "Recalculate state hash based on the snapshot for verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    verifyState,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+				Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot verify-state <state-root>
 will traverse the whole accounts and storages set based on the specified
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ In other words, this command does the snapshot to trie conversion.
 				Usage:     "Check that there is no 'dangling' snap storage",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    checkDanglingStorage,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+				Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot check-dangling-storage <state-root> traverses the snap storage
 data, and verifies that all snapshot storage data has a corresponding account.
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ data, and verifies that all snapshot storage data has a corresponding account.
 				Usage:     "Check all snapshot layers for the specific account",
 				ArgsUsage: "<address | hash>",
 				Action:    checkAccount,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+				Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot inspect-account <address | hash> checks all snapshot layers and prints out
 information about the specified address.
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ information about the specified address.
 				Usage:     "Traverse the state with given root hash and perform quick verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    traverseState,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+				Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot traverse-state <state-root>
 will traverse the whole state from the given state root and will abort if any
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 				Usage:     "Traverse the state with given root hash and perform detailed verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    traverseRawState,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+				Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot traverse-rawstate <state-root>
 will traverse the whole state from the given root and will abort if any referenced
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 				Usage:     "Dump a specific block from storage (same as 'geth dump' but using snapshots)",
 				ArgsUsage: "[? <blockHash> | <blockNum>]",
 				Action:    dumpState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+				Flags: slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{
 					utils.ExcludeCodeFlag,
 					utils.ExcludeStorageFlag,
 					utils.StartKeyFlag,
diff --git a/cmd/geth/verkle.go b/cmd/geth/verkle.go
index 9eb37fb5a8..6490f832af 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/verkle.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/verkle.go
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var (
 				Usage:     "verify the conversion of a MPT into a verkle tree",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    verifyVerkle,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+				Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth verkle verify <state-root>
 This command takes a root commitment and attempts to rebuild the tree.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ This command takes a root commitment and attempts to rebuild the tree.
 				Usage:     "Dump a verkle tree to a DOT file",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root> <key1> [<key 2> ...]",
 				Action:    expandVerkle,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
+				Flags:     slices.Concat(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth verkle dump <state-root> <key 1> [<key 2> ...]
 This command will produce a dot file representing the tree, rooted at <root>.
diff --git a/internal/flags/helpers.go b/internal/flags/helpers.go
index 32be3d11a7..0fd37151eb 100644
--- a/internal/flags/helpers.go
+++ b/internal/flags/helpers.go
@@ -48,15 +48,6 @@ func NewApp(usage string) *cli.App {
 	return app
 }
 
-// Merge merges the given flag slices.
-func Merge(groups ...[]cli.Flag) []cli.Flag {
-	var ret []cli.Flag
-	for _, group := range groups {
-		ret = append(ret, group...)
-	}
-	return ret
-}
-
 var migrationApplied = map[*cli.Command]struct{}{}
 
 // MigrateGlobalFlags makes all global flag values available in the