core/state: accumulate writes and only update tries when must

core/state/state_object.go

@@ -79,9 +79,10 @@ type stateObject struct {
 	trie Trie // storage trie, which becomes non-nil on first access
 	code Code // contract bytecode, which gets set when code is loaded
 
-	originStorage Storage // Storage cache of original entries to dedup rewrites
-	dirtyStorage  Storage // Storage entries that need to be flushed to disk
-	fakeStorage   Storage // Fake storage which constructed by caller for debugging purpose.
+	originStorage  Storage // Storage cache of original entries to dedup rewrites, reset for every transaction
+	pendingStorage Storage // Storage entries that need to be flushed to disk, at the end of an entire block
+	dirtyStorage   Storage // Storage entries that have been modified in the current transaction execution
+	fakeStorage    Storage // Fake storage which constructed by caller for debugging purpose.
 
 	// Cache flags.
 	// When an object is marked suicided it will be delete from the trie
@@ -113,13 +114,17 @@ func newObject(db *StateDB, address common.Address, data Account) *stateObject {
 	if data.CodeHash == nil {
 		data.CodeHash = emptyCodeHash
 	}
+	if data.Root == (common.Hash{}) {
+		data.Root = emptyRoot
+	}
 	return &stateObject{
-		db:            db,
-		address:       address,
-		addrHash:      crypto.Keccak256Hash(address[:]),
-		data:          data,
-		originStorage: make(Storage),
-		dirtyStorage:  make(Storage),
+		db:             db,
+		address:        address,
+		addrHash:       crypto.Keccak256Hash(address[:]),
+		data:           data,
+		originStorage:  make(Storage),
+		pendingStorage: make(Storage),
+		dirtyStorage:   make(Storage),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -183,9 +188,11 @@ func (s *stateObject) GetCommittedState(db Database, key common.Hash) common.Has
 	if s.fakeStorage != nil {
 		return s.fakeStorage[key]
 	}
-	// If we have the original value cached, return that
-	value, cached := s.originStorage[key]
-	if cached {
+	// If we have a pending write or clean cached, return that
+	if value, pending := s.pendingStorage[key]; pending {
+		return value
+	}
+	if value, cached := s.originStorage[key]; cached {
 		return value
 	}
 	// Track the amount of time wasted on reading the storage trie
@@ -198,6 +205,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) GetCommittedState(db Database, key common.Hash) common.Has
 		s.setError(err)
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
+	var value common.Hash
 	if len(enc) > 0 {
 		_, content, _, err := rlp.Split(enc)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -252,17 +260,29 @@ func (s *stateObject) setState(key, value common.Hash) {
 	s.dirtyStorage[key] = value
 }
 
+// finalise moves all dirty storage slots into the pending area to be hashed or
+// committed later. It is invoked at the end of every transaction.
+func (s *stateObject) finalise() {
+	for key, value := range s.dirtyStorage {
+		s.pendingStorage[key] = value
+	}
+	if len(s.dirtyStorage) > 0 {
+		s.dirtyStorage = make(Storage)
+	}
+}
+
 // updateTrie writes cached storage modifications into the object's storage trie.
 func (s *stateObject) updateTrie(db Database) Trie {
+	// Make sure all dirty slots are finalized into the pending storage area
+	s.finalise()
+
 	// Track the amount of time wasted on updating the storge trie
 	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
 		defer func(start time.Time) { s.db.StorageUpdates += time.Since(start) }(time.Now())
 	}
-	// Update all the dirty slots in the trie
+	// Insert all the pending updates into the trie
 	tr := s.getTrie(db)
-	for key, value := range s.dirtyStorage {
-		delete(s.dirtyStorage, key)
-
+	for key, value := range s.pendingStorage {
 		// Skip noop changes, persist actual changes
 		if value == s.originStorage[key] {
 			continue
@@ -277,6 +297,9 @@ func (s *stateObject) updateTrie(db Database) Trie {
 		v, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(common.TrimLeftZeroes(value[:]))
 		s.setError(tr.TryUpdate(key[:], v))
 	}
+	if len(s.pendingStorage) > 0 {
+		s.pendingStorage = make(Storage)
+	}
 	return tr
 }
 

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -67,8 +67,9 @@ type StateDB struct {
 	trie Trie
 
 	// This map holds 'live' objects, which will get modified while processing a state transition.
-	stateObjects      map[common.Address]*stateObject
-	stateObjectsDirty map[common.Address]struct{}
+	stateObjects        map[common.Address]*stateObject
+	stateObjectsPending map[common.Address]struct{} // State objects finalized but not yet written to the trie
+	stateObjectsDirty   map[common.Address]struct{} // State objects modified in the current execution
 
 	// DB error.
 	// State objects are used by the consensus core and VM which are
@@ -111,13 +112,14 @@ func New(root common.Hash, db Database) (*StateDB, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &StateDB{
-		db:                db,
-		trie:              tr,
-		stateObjects:      make(map[common.Address]*stateObject),
-		stateObjectsDirty: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
-		logs:              make(map[common.Hash][]*types.Log),
-		preimages:         make(map[common.Hash][]byte),
-		journal:           newJournal(),
+		db:                  db,
+		trie:                tr,
+		stateObjects:        make(map[common.Address]*stateObject),
+		stateObjectsPending: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
+		stateObjectsDirty:   make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
+		logs:                make(map[common.Hash][]*types.Log),
+		preimages:           make(map[common.Hash][]byte),
+		journal:             newJournal(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ func (self *StateDB) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
 	}
 	self.trie = tr
 	self.stateObjects = make(map[common.Address]*stateObject)
+	self.stateObjectsPending = make(map[common.Address]struct{})
 	self.stateObjectsDirty = make(map[common.Address]struct{})
 	self.thash = common.Hash{}
 	self.bhash = common.Hash{}
@@ -421,15 +424,15 @@ func (self *StateDB) Suicide(addr common.Address) bool {
 //
 
 // updateStateObject writes the given object to the trie.
-func (s *StateDB) updateStateObject(stateObject *stateObject) {
+func (s *StateDB) updateStateObject(obj *stateObject) {
 	// Track the amount of time wasted on updating the account from the trie
 	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
 		defer func(start time.Time) { s.AccountUpdates += time.Since(start) }(time.Now())
 	}
 	// Encode the account and update the account trie
-	addr := stateObject.Address()
+	addr := obj.Address()
 
-	data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(stateObject)
+	data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(obj)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("can't encode object at %x: %v", addr[:], err))
 	}
@@ -437,25 +440,33 @@ func (s *StateDB) updateStateObject(stateObject *stateObject) {
 }
 
 // deleteStateObject removes the given object from the state trie.
-func (s *StateDB) deleteStateObject(stateObject *stateObject) {
+func (s *StateDB) deleteStateObject(obj *stateObject) {
 	// Track the amount of time wasted on deleting the account from the trie
 	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
 		defer func(start time.Time) { s.AccountUpdates += time.Since(start) }(time.Now())
 	}
 	// Delete the account from the trie
-	stateObject.deleted = true
-
-	addr := stateObject.Address()
+	addr := obj.Address()
 	s.setError(s.trie.TryDelete(addr[:]))
 }
 
-// Retrieve a state object given by the address. Returns nil if not found.
-func (s *StateDB) getStateObject(addr common.Address) (stateObject *stateObject) {
-	// Prefer live objects
+// getStateObject retrieves a state object given by the address, returning nil if
+// the object is not found or was deleted in this execution context. If you need
+// to differentiate between non-existent/just-deleted, use getDeletedStateObject.
+func (s *StateDB) getStateObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
+	if obj := s.getDeletedStateObject(addr); obj != nil && !obj.deleted {
+		return obj
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getDeletedStateObject is similar to getStateObject, but instead of returning
+// nil for a deleted state object, it returns the actual object with the deleted
+// flag set. This is needed by the state journal to revert to the correct self-
+// destructed object instead of wiping all knowledge about the state object.
+func (s *StateDB) getDeletedStateObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
+	// Prefer live objects if any is available
 	if obj := s.stateObjects[addr]; obj != nil {
-		if obj.deleted {
-			return nil
-		}
 		return obj
 	}
 	// Track the amount of time wasted on loading the object from the database
@@ -486,7 +497,7 @@ func (self *StateDB) setStateObject(object *stateObject) {
 // Retrieve a state object or create a new state object if nil.
 func (self *StateDB) GetOrNewStateObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
 	stateObject := self.getStateObject(addr)
-	if stateObject == nil || stateObject.deleted {
+	if stateObject == nil {
 		stateObject, _ = self.createObject(addr)
 	}
 	return stateObject
@@ -495,7 +506,8 @@ func (self *StateDB) GetOrNewStateObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
 // createObject creates a new state object. If there is an existing account with
 // the given address, it is overwritten and returned as the second return value.
 func (self *StateDB) createObject(addr common.Address) (newobj, prev *stateObject) {
-	prev = self.getStateObject(addr)
+	prev = self.getDeletedStateObject(addr) // Note, prev might have been deleted, we need that!
+
 	newobj = newObject(self, addr, Account{})
 	newobj.setNonce(0) // sets the object to dirty
 	if prev == nil {
@@ -558,15 +570,16 @@ func (db *StateDB) ForEachStorage(addr common.Address, cb func(key, value common
 func (self *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 	// Copy all the basic fields, initialize the memory ones
 	state := &StateDB{
-		db:                self.db,
-		trie:              self.db.CopyTrie(self.trie),
-		stateObjects:      make(map[common.Address]*stateObject, len(self.journal.dirties)),
-		stateObjectsDirty: make(map[common.Address]struct{}, len(self.journal.dirties)),
-		refund:            self.refund,
-		logs:              make(map[common.Hash][]*types.Log, len(self.logs)),
-		logSize:           self.logSize,
-		preimages:         make(map[common.Hash][]byte, len(self.preimages)),
-		journal:           newJournal(),
+		db:                  self.db,
+		trie:                self.db.CopyTrie(self.trie),
+		stateObjects:        make(map[common.Address]*stateObject, len(self.journal.dirties)),
+		stateObjectsPending: make(map[common.Address]struct{}, len(self.stateObjectsPending)),
+		stateObjectsDirty:   make(map[common.Address]struct{}, len(self.journal.dirties)),
+		refund:              self.refund,
+		logs:                make(map[common.Hash][]*types.Log, len(self.logs)),
+		logSize:             self.logSize,
+		preimages:           make(map[common.Hash][]byte, len(self.preimages)),
+		journal:             newJournal(),
 	}
 	// Copy the dirty states, logs, and preimages
 	for addr := range self.journal.dirties {
@@ -582,11 +595,17 @@ func (self *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 	// Above, we don't copy the actual journal. This means that if the copy is copied, the
 	// loop above will be a no-op, since the copy's journal is empty.
 	// Thus, here we iterate over stateObjects, to enable copies of copies
+	for addr := range self.stateObjectsPending {
+		if _, exist := state.stateObjects[addr]; !exist {
+			state.stateObjects[addr] = self.stateObjects[addr].deepCopy(state)
+		}
+		state.stateObjectsPending[addr] = struct{}{}
+	}
 	for addr := range self.stateObjectsDirty {
 		if _, exist := state.stateObjects[addr]; !exist {
 			state.stateObjects[addr] = self.stateObjects[addr].deepCopy(state)
-			state.stateObjectsDirty[addr] = struct{}{}
 		}
+		state.stateObjectsDirty[addr] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	for hash, logs := range self.logs {
 		cpy := make([]*types.Log, len(logs))
@@ -631,11 +650,12 @@ func (self *StateDB) GetRefund() uint64 {
 	return self.refund
 }
 
-// Finalise finalises the state by removing the self destructed objects
-// and clears the journal as well as the refunds.
+// Finalise finalises the state by removing the self destructed objects and clears
+// the journal as well as the refunds. Finalise, however, will not push any updates
+// into the tries just yet. Only IntermediateRoot or Commit will do that.
 func (s *StateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) {
 	for addr := range s.journal.dirties {
-		stateObject, exist := s.stateObjects[addr]
+		obj, exist := s.stateObjects[addr]
 		if !exist {
 			// ripeMD is 'touched' at block 1714175, in tx 0x1237f737031e40bcde4a8b7e717b2d15e3ecadfe49bb1bbc71ee9deb09c6fcf2
 			// That tx goes out of gas, and although the notion of 'touched' does not exist there, the
@@ -645,13 +665,12 @@ func (s *StateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) {
 			// Thus, we can safely ignore it here
 			continue
 		}
-
-		if stateObject.suicided || (deleteEmptyObjects && stateObject.empty()) {
-			s.deleteStateObject(stateObject)
+		if obj.suicided || (deleteEmptyObjects && obj.empty()) {
+			obj.deleted = true
 		} else {
-			stateObject.updateRoot(s.db)
-			s.updateStateObject(stateObject)
+			obj.finalise()
 		}
+		s.stateObjectsPending[addr] = struct{}{}
 		s.stateObjectsDirty[addr] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	// Invalidate journal because reverting across transactions is not allowed.
@@ -662,8 +681,21 @@ func (s *StateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) {
 // It is called in between transactions to get the root hash that
 // goes into transaction receipts.
 func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
+	// Finalise all the dirty storage states and write them into the tries
 	s.Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects)
 
+	for addr := range s.stateObjectsPending {
+		obj := s.stateObjects[addr]
+		if obj.deleted {
+			s.deleteStateObject(obj)
+		} else {
+			obj.updateRoot(s.db)
+			s.updateStateObject(obj)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(s.stateObjectsPending) > 0 {
+		s.stateObjectsPending = make(map[common.Address]struct{})
+	}
 	// Track the amount of time wasted on hashing the account trie
 	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
 		defer func(start time.Time) { s.AccountHashes += time.Since(start) }(time.Now())
@@ -680,46 +712,40 @@ func (self *StateDB) Prepare(thash, bhash common.Hash, ti int) {
 }
 
 func (s *StateDB) clearJournalAndRefund() {
-	s.journal = newJournal()
-	s.validRevisions = s.validRevisions[:0]
-	s.refund = 0
+	if len(s.journal.entries) > 0 {
+		s.journal = newJournal()
+		s.refund = 0
+	}
+	s.validRevisions = s.validRevisions[:0] // Snapshots can be created without journal entires
 }
 
 // Commit writes the state to the underlying in-memory trie database.
-func (s *StateDB) Commit(deleteEmptyObjects bool) (root common.Hash, err error) {
-	defer s.clearJournalAndRefund()
+func (s *StateDB) Commit(deleteEmptyObjects bool) (common.Hash, error) {
+	// Finalize any pending changes and merge everything into the tries
+	s.IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects)
 
-	for addr := range s.journal.dirties {
-		s.stateObjectsDirty[addr] = struct{}{}
-	}
 	// Commit objects to the trie, measuring the elapsed time
-	for addr, stateObject := range s.stateObjects {
-		_, isDirty := s.stateObjectsDirty[addr]
-		switch {
-		case stateObject.suicided || (isDirty && deleteEmptyObjects && stateObject.empty()):
-			// If the object has been removed, don't bother syncing it
-			// and just mark it for deletion in the trie.
-			s.deleteStateObject(stateObject)
-		case isDirty:
+	for addr := range s.stateObjectsDirty {
+		if obj := s.stateObjects[addr]; !obj.deleted {
 			// Write any contract code associated with the state object
-			if stateObject.code != nil && stateObject.dirtyCode {
-				s.db.TrieDB().InsertBlob(common.BytesToHash(stateObject.CodeHash()), stateObject.code)
-				stateObject.dirtyCode = false
+			if obj.code != nil && obj.dirtyCode {
+				s.db.TrieDB().InsertBlob(common.BytesToHash(obj.CodeHash()), obj.code)
+				obj.dirtyCode = false
 			}
-			// Write any storage changes in the state object to its storage trie.
-			if err := stateObject.CommitTrie(s.db); err != nil {
+			// Write any storage changes in the state object to its storage trie
+			if err := obj.CommitTrie(s.db); err != nil {
 				return common.Hash{}, err
 			}
-			// Update the object in the main account trie.
-			s.updateStateObject(stateObject)
 		}
-		delete(s.stateObjectsDirty, addr)
+	}
+	if len(s.stateObjectsDirty) > 0 {
+		s.stateObjectsDirty = make(map[common.Address]struct{})
 	}
 	// Write the account trie changes, measuing the amount of wasted time
 	if metrics.EnabledExpensive {
 		defer func(start time.Time) { s.AccountCommits += time.Since(start) }(time.Now())
 	}
-	root, err = s.trie.Commit(func(leaf []byte, parent common.Hash) error {
+	return s.trie.Commit(func(leaf []byte, parent common.Hash) error {
 		var account Account
 		if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(leaf, &account); err != nil {
 			return nil
@@ -733,5 +759,4 @@ func (s *StateDB) Commit(deleteEmptyObjects bool) (root common.Hash, err error)
 		}
 		return nil
 	})
-	return root, err
 }

core/state/statedb_test.go

@@ -449,3 +449,38 @@ func TestCopyOfCopy(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("2nd copy fail, expected 42, got %v", got)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestDeleteCreateRevert tests a weird state transition corner case that we hit
+// while changing the internals of statedb. The workflow is that a contract is
+// self destructed, then in a followup transaction (but same block) it's created
+// again and the transaction reverted.
+//
+// The original statedb implementation flushed dirty objects to the tries after
+// each transaction, so this works ok. The rework accumulated writes in memory
+// first, but the journal wiped the entire state object on create-revert.
+func TestDeleteCreateRevert(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create an initial state with a single contract
+	state, _ := New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()))
+
+	addr := toAddr([]byte("so"))
+	state.SetBalance(addr, big.NewInt(1))
+
+	root, _ := state.Commit(false)
+	state.Reset(root)
+
+	// Simulate self-destructing in one transaction, then create-reverting in another
+	state.Suicide(addr)
+	state.Finalise(true)
+
+	id := state.Snapshot()
+	state.SetBalance(addr, big.NewInt(2))
+	state.RevertToSnapshot(id)
+
+	// Commit the entire state and make sure we don't crash and have the correct state
+	root, _ = state.Commit(true)
+	state.Reset(root)
+
+	if state.getStateObject(addr) != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("self-destructed contract came alive")
+	}
+}