cmd, core, params, trie: add verkle access witness gas charging (#29338)

Implements some of the changes required to charge and do gas accounting in verkle testnet.

cmd/geth/consolecmd_test.go

@@ -103,17 +103,17 @@ func TestAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 		"--http", "--http.port", httpPort,
 		"--ws", "--ws.port", wsPort)
 	t.Run("ipc", func(t *testing.T) {
-		waitForEndpoint(t, ipc, 3*time.Second)
+		waitForEndpoint(t, ipc, 4*time.Second)
 		testAttachWelcome(t, geth, "ipc:"+ipc, ipcAPIs)
 	})
 	t.Run("http", func(t *testing.T) {
 		endpoint := "http://127.0.0.1:" + httpPort
-		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 3*time.Second)
+		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 4*time.Second)
 		testAttachWelcome(t, geth, endpoint, httpAPIs)
 	})
 	t.Run("ws", func(t *testing.T) {
 		endpoint := "ws://127.0.0.1:" + wsPort
-		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 3*time.Second)
+		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 4*time.Second)
 		testAttachWelcome(t, geth, endpoint, httpAPIs)
 	})
 	geth.Kill()

cmd/geth/verkle.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/gballet/go-verkle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
-	"github.com/gballet/go-verkle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 

core/error.go

@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@ var (
 	// than init code size limit.
 	ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded = errors.New("max initcode size exceeded")
 
+	// ErrInsufficientBalanceWitness is returned if the transaction sender has enough
+	// funds to cover the transfer, but not enough to pay for witness access/modification
+	// costs for the transaction
+	ErrInsufficientBalanceWitness = errors.New("insufficient funds to cover witness access costs for transaction")
+
 	// ErrInsufficientFunds is returned if the total cost of executing a transaction
 	// is higher than the balance of the user's account.
 	ErrInsufficientFunds = errors.New("insufficient funds for gas * price + value")

core/state/access_events.go

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package state
+
+import (
+	"maps"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
+	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
+)
+
+// mode specifies how a tree location has been accessed
+// for the byte value:
+// * the first bit is set if the branch has been edited
+// * the second bit is set if the branch has been read
+type mode byte
+
+const (
+	AccessWitnessReadFlag  = mode(1)
+	AccessWitnessWriteFlag = mode(2)
+)
+
+var zeroTreeIndex uint256.Int
+
+// AccessEvents lists the locations of the state that are being accessed
+// during the production of a block.
+type AccessEvents struct {
+	branches map[branchAccessKey]mode
+	chunks   map[chunkAccessKey]mode
+
+	pointCache *utils.PointCache
+}
+
+func NewAccessEvents(pointCache *utils.PointCache) *AccessEvents {
+	return &AccessEvents{
+		branches:   make(map[branchAccessKey]mode),
+		chunks:     make(map[chunkAccessKey]mode),
+		pointCache: pointCache,
+	}
+}
+
+// Merge is used to merge the access events that were generated during the
+// execution of a tx, with the accumulation of all access events that were
+// generated during the execution of all txs preceding this one in a block.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) Merge(other *AccessEvents) {
+	for k := range other.branches {
+		ae.branches[k] |= other.branches[k]
+	}
+	for k, chunk := range other.chunks {
+		ae.chunks[k] |= chunk
+	}
+}
+
+// Keys returns, predictably, the list of keys that were touched during the
+// buildup of the access witness.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) Keys() [][]byte {
+	// TODO: consider if parallelizing this is worth it, probably depending on len(ae.chunks).
+	keys := make([][]byte, 0, len(ae.chunks))
+	for chunk := range ae.chunks {
+		basePoint := ae.pointCache.Get(chunk.addr[:])
+		key := utils.GetTreeKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(basePoint, &chunk.treeIndex, chunk.leafKey)
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	return keys
+}
+
+func (ae *AccessEvents) Copy() *AccessEvents {
+	cpy := &AccessEvents{
+		branches:   maps.Clone(ae.branches),
+		chunks:     maps.Clone(ae.chunks),
+		pointCache: ae.pointCache,
+	}
+	return cpy
+}
+
+// AddAccount returns the gas to be charged for each of the currently cold
+// member fields of an account.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) AddAccount(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	var gas uint64
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, isWrite)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, isWrite)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, isWrite)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, isWrite)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, isWrite)
+	return gas
+}
+
+// MessageCallGas returns the gas to be charged for each of the currently
+// cold member fields of an account, that need to be touched when making a message
+// call to that account.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) MessageCallGas(destination common.Address) uint64 {
+	var gas uint64
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(destination, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(destination, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
+	return gas
+}
+
+// ValueTransferGas returns the gas to be charged for each of the currently
+// cold balance member fields of the caller and the callee accounts.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) ValueTransferGas(callerAddr, targetAddr common.Address) uint64 {
+	var gas uint64
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(callerAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
+	return gas
+}
+
+// ContractCreateInitGas returns the access gas costs for the initialization of
+// a contract creation.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreateInitGas(addr common.Address, createSendsValue bool) uint64 {
+	var gas uint64
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, true)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, true)
+	if createSendsValue {
+		gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
+	}
+	return gas
+}
+
+// AddTxOrigin adds the member fields of the sender account to the access event list,
+// so that cold accesses are not charged, since they are covered by the 21000 gas.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) AddTxOrigin(originAddr common.Address) {
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, true)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
+}
+
+// AddTxDestination adds the member fields of the sender account to the access event list,
+// so that cold accesses are not charged, since they are covered by the 21000 gas.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) AddTxDestination(addr common.Address, sendsValue bool) {
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, sendsValue)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
+}
+
+// SlotGas returns the amount of gas to be charged for a cold storage access.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) SlotGas(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	treeIndex, subIndex := utils.StorageIndex(slot.Bytes())
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, *treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
+}
+
+// touchAddressAndChargeGas adds any missing access event to the access event list, and returns the cold
+// access cost to be charged, if need be.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	stemRead, selectorRead, stemWrite, selectorWrite, selectorFill := ae.touchAddress(addr, treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
+
+	var gas uint64
+	if stemRead {
+		gas += params.WitnessBranchReadCost
+	}
+	if selectorRead {
+		gas += params.WitnessChunkReadCost
+	}
+	if stemWrite {
+		gas += params.WitnessBranchWriteCost
+	}
+	if selectorWrite {
+		gas += params.WitnessChunkWriteCost
+	}
+	if selectorFill {
+		gas += params.WitnessChunkFillCost
+	}
+	return gas
+}
+
+// touchAddress adds any missing access event to the access event list.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) touchAddress(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte, isWrite bool) (bool, bool, bool, bool, bool) {
+	branchKey := newBranchAccessKey(addr, treeIndex)
+	chunkKey := newChunkAccessKey(branchKey, subIndex)
+
+	// Read access.
+	var branchRead, chunkRead bool
+	if _, hasStem := ae.branches[branchKey]; !hasStem {
+		branchRead = true
+		ae.branches[branchKey] = AccessWitnessReadFlag
+	}
+	if _, hasSelector := ae.chunks[chunkKey]; !hasSelector {
+		chunkRead = true
+		ae.chunks[chunkKey] = AccessWitnessReadFlag
+	}
+
+	// Write access.
+	var branchWrite, chunkWrite, chunkFill bool
+	if isWrite {
+		if (ae.branches[branchKey] & AccessWitnessWriteFlag) == 0 {
+			branchWrite = true
+			ae.branches[branchKey] |= AccessWitnessWriteFlag
+		}
+
+		chunkValue := ae.chunks[chunkKey]
+		if (chunkValue & AccessWitnessWriteFlag) == 0 {
+			chunkWrite = true
+			ae.chunks[chunkKey] |= AccessWitnessWriteFlag
+		}
+		// TODO: charge chunk filling costs if the leaf was previously empty in the state
+	}
+	return branchRead, chunkRead, branchWrite, chunkWrite, chunkFill
+}
+
+type branchAccessKey struct {
+	addr      common.Address
+	treeIndex uint256.Int
+}
+
+func newBranchAccessKey(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int) branchAccessKey {
+	var sk branchAccessKey
+	sk.addr = addr
+	sk.treeIndex = treeIndex
+	return sk
+}
+
+type chunkAccessKey struct {
+	branchAccessKey
+	leafKey byte
+}
+
+func newChunkAccessKey(branchKey branchAccessKey, leafKey byte) chunkAccessKey {
+	var lk chunkAccessKey
+	lk.branchAccessKey = branchKey
+	lk.leafKey = leafKey
+	return lk
+}
+
+// CodeChunksRangeGas is a helper function to touch every chunk in a code range and charge witness gas costs
+func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr common.Address, startPC, size uint64, codeLen uint64, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	// note that in the case where the copied code is outside the range of the
+	// contract code but touches the last leaf with contract code in it,
+	// we don't include the last leaf of code in the AccessWitness.  The
+	// reason that we do not need the last leaf is the account's code size
+	// is already in the AccessWitness so a stateless verifier can see that
+	// the code from the last leaf is not needed.
+	if (codeLen == 0 && size == 0) || startPC > codeLen {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	endPC := startPC + size
+	if endPC > codeLen {
+		endPC = codeLen
+	}
+	if endPC > 0 {
+		endPC -= 1 // endPC is the last bytecode that will be touched.
+	}
+
+	var statelessGasCharged uint64
+	for chunkNumber := startPC / 31; chunkNumber <= endPC/31; chunkNumber++ {
+		treeIndex := *uint256.NewInt((chunkNumber + 128) / 256)
+		subIndex := byte((chunkNumber + 128) % 256)
+		gas := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(contractAddr, treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
+		var overflow bool
+		statelessGasCharged, overflow = math.SafeAdd(statelessGasCharged, gas)
+		if overflow {
+			panic("overflow when adding gas")
+		}
+	}
+	return statelessGasCharged
+}
+
+// VersionGas adds the account's version to the accessed data, and returns the
+// amount of gas that it costs.
+// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an
+// access in read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) VersionGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+// BalanceGas adds the account's balance to the accessed data, and returns the
+// amount of gas that it costs.
+// in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
+// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
+// read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) BalanceGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+// NonceGas adds the account's nonce to the accessed data, and returns the
+// amount of gas that it costs.
+// in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
+// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
+// read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) NonceGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+// CodeSizeGas adds the account's code size to the accessed data, and returns the
+// amount of gas that it costs.
+// in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
+// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
+// read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeSizeGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+// CodeHashGas adds the account's code hash to the accessed data, and returns the
+// amount of gas that it costs.
+// in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
+// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
+// read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeHashGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, isWrite)
+}

core/state/access_events_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package state
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
+)
+
+var (
+	testAddr  [20]byte
+	testAddr2 [20]byte
+)
+
+func init() {
+	for i := byte(0); i < 20; i++ {
+		testAddr[i] = i
+		testAddr[2] = 2 * i
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountHeaderGas(t *testing.T) {
+	ae := NewAccessEvents(utils.NewPointCache(1024))
+
+	// Check cold read cost
+	gas := ae.VersionGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
+	}
+
+	// Check warm read cost
+	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+	}
+
+	// Check cold read costs in the same group no longer incur the branch read cost
+	gas = ae.BalanceGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
+	}
+	gas = ae.NonceGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
+	}
+	gas = ae.CodeSizeGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
+	}
+	gas = ae.CodeHashGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
+	}
+
+	// Check cold write cost
+	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, true)
+	if gas != params.WitnessBranchWriteCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessBranchWriteCost)
+	}
+
+	// Check warm write cost
+	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, true)
+	if gas != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+	}
+
+	// Check a write without a read charges both read and write costs
+	gas = ae.BalanceGas(testAddr2, true)
+	if gas != params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessBranchWriteCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost+params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessBranchWriteCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost+params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
+	}
+
+	// Check that a write followed by a read charges nothing
+	gas = ae.BalanceGas(testAddr2, false)
+	if gas != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+	}
+
+	// Check that reading a slot from the account header only charges the
+	// chunk read cost.
+	gas = ae.SlotGas(testAddr, common.Hash{}, false)
+	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestContractCreateInitGas checks that the gas cost of contract creation is correctly
+// calculated.
+func TestContractCreateInitGas(t *testing.T) {
+	ae := NewAccessEvents(utils.NewPointCache(1024))
+
+	var testAddr [20]byte
+	for i := byte(0); i < 20; i++ {
+		testAddr[i] = i
+	}
+
+	// Check cold read cost, without a value
+	gas := ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != params.WitnessBranchWriteCost+params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost*2+params.WitnessChunkReadCost*2 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessBranchWriteCost+params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost*3)
+	}
+
+	// Check warm read cost
+	gas = ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMessageCallGas checks that the gas cost of message calls is correctly
+// calculated.
+func TestMessageCallGas(t *testing.T) {
+	ae := NewAccessEvents(utils.NewPointCache(1024))
+
+	// Check cold read cost, without a value
+	gas := ae.MessageCallGas(testAddr)
+	if gas != params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessChunkReadCost*2 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessBranchReadCost+params.WitnessChunkReadCost*2)
+	}
+
+	// Check that reading the version and code size of the same account does not incur the branch read cost
+	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+	}
+	gas = ae.CodeSizeGas(testAddr, false)
+	if gas != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+	}
+
+	// Check warm read cost
+	gas = ae.MessageCallGas(testAddr)
+	if gas != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+	}
+}

core/state/database.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa/banderwagon"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
@@ -40,11 +39,8 @@ const (
 	// Cache size granted for caching clean code.
 	codeCacheSize = 64 * 1024 * 1024
 
-	// commitmentSize is the size of commitment stored in cache.
-	commitmentSize = banderwagon.UncompressedSize
-
-	// Cache item granted for caching commitment results.
-	commitmentCacheItems = 64 * 1024 * 1024 / (commitmentSize + common.AddressLength)
+	// Number of address->curve point associations to keep.
+	pointCacheSize = 4096
 )
 
 // Database wraps access to tries and contract code.
@@ -67,6 +63,9 @@ type Database interface {
 	// DiskDB returns the underlying key-value disk database.
 	DiskDB() ethdb.KeyValueStore
 
+	// PointCache returns the cache holding points used in verkle tree key computation
+	PointCache() *utils.PointCache
+
 	// TrieDB returns the underlying trie database for managing trie nodes.
 	TrieDB() *triedb.Database
 }
@@ -139,6 +138,9 @@ type Trie interface {
 	// nodes of the longest existing prefix of the key (at least the root), ending
 	// with the node that proves the absence of the key.
 	Prove(key []byte, proofDb ethdb.KeyValueWriter) error
+
+	// IsVerkle returns true if the trie is verkle-tree based
+	IsVerkle() bool
 }
 
 // NewDatabase creates a backing store for state. The returned database is safe for
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithConfig(db ethdb.Database, config *triedb.Config) Database {
 		codeSizeCache: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, int](codeSizeCacheSize),
 		codeCache:     lru.NewSizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte](codeCacheSize),
 		triedb:        triedb.NewDatabase(db, config),
+		pointCache:    utils.NewPointCache(pointCacheSize),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) Database
 		codeSizeCache: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, int](codeSizeCacheSize),
 		codeCache:     lru.NewSizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte](codeCacheSize),
 		triedb:        triedb,
+		pointCache:    utils.NewPointCache(pointCacheSize),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -175,12 +179,13 @@ type cachingDB struct {
 	codeSizeCache *lru.Cache[common.Hash, int]
 	codeCache     *lru.SizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte]
 	triedb        *triedb.Database
+	pointCache    *utils.PointCache
 }
 
 // OpenTrie opens the main account trie at a specific root hash.
 func (db *cachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 	if db.triedb.IsVerkle() {
-		return trie.NewVerkleTrie(root, db.triedb, utils.NewPointCache(commitmentCacheItems))
+		return trie.NewVerkleTrie(root, db.triedb, db.pointCache)
 	}
 	tr, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StateTrieID(root), db.triedb)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -266,3 +271,8 @@ func (db *cachingDB) DiskDB() ethdb.KeyValueStore {
 func (db *cachingDB) TrieDB() *triedb.Database {
 	return db.triedb
 }
+
+// PointCache returns the cache of evaluated curve points.
+func (db *cachingDB) PointCache() *utils.PointCache {
+	return db.pointCache
+}

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/trienode"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/triestate"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
@@ -1327,7 +1328,10 @@ func (s *StateDB) Commit(block uint64, deleteEmptyObjects bool) (common.Hash, er
 // - Add coinbase to access list (EIP-3651)
 // - Reset transient storage (EIP-1153)
 func (s *StateDB) Prepare(rules params.Rules, sender, coinbase common.Address, dst *common.Address, precompiles []common.Address, list types.AccessList) {
-	if rules.IsBerlin {
+	if rules.IsEIP2929 && rules.IsEIP4762 {
+		panic("eip2929 and eip4762 are both activated")
+	}
+	if rules.IsEIP2929 {
 		// Clear out any leftover from previous executions
 		al := newAccessList()
 		s.accessList = al
@@ -1439,3 +1443,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) markUpdate(addr common.Address) {
 	s.mutations[addr].applied = false
 	s.mutations[addr].typ = update
 }
+
+func (s *StateDB) PointCache() *utils.PointCache {
+	return s.db.PointCache()
+}

core/state_processor_test.go

@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 	txCost1 := params.TxGas
 	txCost2 := params.TxGas
 	contractCreationCost := intrinsicContractCreationGas + uint64(2039 /* execution costs */)
-	codeWithExtCodeCopyGas := intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas + uint64(293644 /* execution costs */)
+	codeWithExtCodeCopyGas := intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas + uint64(57444 /* execution costs */)
 	blockGasUsagesExpected := []uint64{
 		txCost1*2 + txCost2,
 		txCost1*2 + txCost2 + contractCreationCost + codeWithExtCodeCopyGas,

core/state_transition.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func (result *ExecutionResult) Revert() []byte {
 }
 
 // IntrinsicGas computes the 'intrinsic gas' for a message with the given data.
-func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, isContractCreation bool, isHomestead, isEIP2028, isEIP3860 bool) (uint64, error) {
+func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, isContractCreation, isHomestead, isEIP2028, isEIP3860 bool) (uint64, error) {
 	// Set the starting gas for the raw transaction
 	var gas uint64
 	if isContractCreation && isHomestead {
@@ -405,6 +405,14 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	}
 	st.gasRemaining -= gas
 
+	if rules.IsEIP4762 {
+		st.evm.AccessEvents.AddTxOrigin(msg.From)
+
+		if targetAddr := msg.To; targetAddr != nil {
+			st.evm.AccessEvents.AddTxDestination(*targetAddr, msg.Value.Sign() != 0)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Check clause 6
 	value, overflow := uint256.FromBig(msg.Value)
 	if overflow {
@@ -458,6 +466,11 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		fee := new(uint256.Int).SetUint64(st.gasUsed())
 		fee.Mul(fee, effectiveTipU256)
 		st.state.AddBalance(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, fee, tracing.BalanceIncreaseRewardTransactionFee)
+
+		// add the coinbase to the witness iff the fee is greater than 0
+		if rules.IsEIP4762 && fee.Sign() != 0 {
+			st.evm.AccessEvents.BalanceGas(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, true)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return &ExecutionResult{

core/tracing/hooks.go

@@ -298,6 +298,12 @@ const (
 	GasChangeCallStorageColdAccess GasChangeReason = 13
 	// GasChangeCallFailedExecution is the burning of the remaining gas when the execution failed without a revert.
 	GasChangeCallFailedExecution GasChangeReason = 14
+	// GasChangeWitnessContractInit is the amount charged for adding to the witness during the contract creation initialization step
+	GasChangeWitnessContractInit GasChangeReason = 15
+	// GasChangeWitnessContractCreation is the amount charged for adding to the witness during the contract creation finalization step
+	GasChangeWitnessContractCreation GasChangeReason = 16
+	// GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk is the amount charged for touching one or more contract code chunks
+	GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk GasChangeReason = 17
 
 	// GasChangeIgnored is a special value that can be used to indicate that the gas change should be ignored as
 	// it will be "manually" tracked by a direct emit of the gas change event.

core/vm/common.go

@@ -63,6 +63,18 @@ func getData(data []byte, start uint64, size uint64) []byte {
 	return common.RightPadBytes(data[start:end], int(size))
 }
 
+func getDataAndAdjustedBounds(data []byte, start uint64, size uint64) (codeCopyPadded []byte, actualStart uint64, sizeNonPadded uint64) {
+	length := uint64(len(data))
+	if start > length {
+		start = length
+	}
+	end := start + size
+	if end > length {
+		end = length
+	}
+	return common.RightPadBytes(data[start:end], int(size)), start, end - start
+}
+
 // toWordSize returns the ceiled word size required for memory expansion.
 func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
 	if size > math.MaxUint64-31 {

core/vm/contract.go

@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ type Contract struct {
 	CodeAddr *common.Address
 	Input    []byte
 
+	// is the execution frame represented by this object a contract deployment
+	IsDeployment bool
+
 	Gas   uint64
 	value *uint256.Int
 }

core/vm/contracts.go

@@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ var PrecompiledContractsPrague = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 
 var PrecompiledContractsBLS = PrecompiledContractsPrague
 
+var PrecompiledContractsVerkle = PrecompiledContractsPrague
+
 var (
 	PrecompiledAddressesPrague    []common.Address
 	PrecompiledAddressesCancun    []common.Address

core/vm/eips.go

@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ package vm
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
 	1884: enable1884,
 	1344: enable1344,
 	1153: enable1153,
+	4762: enable4762,
 }
 
 // EnableEIP enables the given EIP on the config.
@@ -319,3 +322,214 @@ func enable6780(jt *JumpTable) {
 		maxStack:    maxStack(1, 0),
 	}
 }
+
+func opExtCodeCopyEIP4762(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	var (
+		stack      = scope.Stack
+		a          = stack.pop()
+		memOffset  = stack.pop()
+		codeOffset = stack.pop()
+		length     = stack.pop()
+	)
+	uint64CodeOffset, overflow := codeOffset.Uint64WithOverflow()
+	if overflow {
+		uint64CodeOffset = math.MaxUint64
+	}
+	addr := common.Address(a.Bytes20())
+	code := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)
+	contract := &Contract{
+		Code: code,
+		self: AccountRef(addr),
+	}
+	paddedCodeCopy, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
+	statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(addr, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
+	if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
+		scope.Contract.Gas = 0
+		return nil, ErrOutOfGas
+	}
+	scope.Memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), paddedCodeCopy)
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// opPush1EIP4762 handles the special case of PUSH1 opcode for EIP-4762, which
+// need not worry about the adjusted bound logic when adding the PUSHDATA to
+// the list of access events.
+func opPush1EIP4762(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	var (
+		codeLen = uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code))
+		integer = new(uint256.Int)
+	)
+	*pc += 1
+	if *pc < codeLen {
+		scope.Stack.push(integer.SetUint64(uint64(scope.Contract.Code[*pc])))
+
+		if !scope.Contract.IsDeployment && *pc%31 == 0 {
+			// touch next chunk if PUSH1 is at the boundary. if so, *pc has
+			// advanced past this boundary.
+			contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
+			statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, *pc+1, uint64(1), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
+			if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
+				scope.Contract.Gas = 0
+				return nil, ErrOutOfGas
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		scope.Stack.push(integer.Clear())
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func makePushEIP4762(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
+	return func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+		var (
+			codeLen = len(scope.Contract.Code)
+			start   = min(codeLen, int(*pc+1))
+			end     = min(codeLen, start+pushByteSize)
+		)
+		scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(
+			common.RightPadBytes(
+				scope.Contract.Code[start:end],
+				pushByteSize,
+			)),
+		)
+
+		if !scope.Contract.IsDeployment {
+			contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
+			statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, uint64(start), uint64(pushByteSize), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
+			if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
+				scope.Contract.Gas = 0
+				return nil, ErrOutOfGas
+			}
+		}
+
+		*pc += size
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func enable4762(jt *JumpTable) {
+	jt[SSTORE] = &operation{
+		dynamicGas: gasSStore4762,
+		execute:    opSstore,
+		minStack:   minStack(2, 0),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(2, 0),
+	}
+	jt[SLOAD] = &operation{
+		dynamicGas: gasSLoad4762,
+		execute:    opSload,
+		minStack:   minStack(1, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(1, 1),
+	}
+
+	jt[BALANCE] = &operation{
+		execute:    opBalance,
+		dynamicGas: gasBalance4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(1, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(1, 1),
+	}
+
+	jt[EXTCODESIZE] = &operation{
+		execute:    opExtCodeSize,
+		dynamicGas: gasExtCodeSize4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(1, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(1, 1),
+	}
+
+	jt[EXTCODEHASH] = &operation{
+		execute:    opExtCodeHash,
+		dynamicGas: gasExtCodeHash4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(1, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(1, 1),
+	}
+
+	jt[EXTCODECOPY] = &operation{
+		execute:    opExtCodeCopyEIP4762,
+		dynamicGas: gasExtCodeCopyEIP4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(4, 0),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(4, 0),
+		memorySize: memoryExtCodeCopy,
+	}
+
+	jt[CODECOPY] = &operation{
+		execute:     opCodeCopy,
+		constantGas: GasFastestStep,
+		dynamicGas:  gasCodeCopyEip4762,
+		minStack:    minStack(3, 0),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(3, 0),
+		memorySize:  memoryCodeCopy,
+	}
+
+	jt[SELFDESTRUCT] = &operation{
+		execute:     opSelfdestruct6780,
+		dynamicGas:  gasSelfdestructEIP4762,
+		constantGas: params.SelfdestructGasEIP150,
+		minStack:    minStack(1, 0),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(1, 0),
+	}
+
+	jt[CREATE] = &operation{
+		execute:     opCreate,
+		constantGas: params.CreateNGasEip4762,
+		dynamicGas:  gasCreateEip3860,
+		minStack:    minStack(3, 1),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(3, 1),
+		memorySize:  memoryCreate,
+	}
+
+	jt[CREATE2] = &operation{
+		execute:     opCreate2,
+		constantGas: params.CreateNGasEip4762,
+		dynamicGas:  gasCreate2Eip3860,
+		minStack:    minStack(4, 1),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(4, 1),
+		memorySize:  memoryCreate2,
+	}
+
+	jt[CALL] = &operation{
+		execute:    opCall,
+		dynamicGas: gasCallEIP4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(7, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(7, 1),
+		memorySize: memoryCall,
+	}
+
+	jt[CALLCODE] = &operation{
+		execute:    opCallCode,
+		dynamicGas: gasCallCodeEIP4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(7, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(7, 1),
+		memorySize: memoryCall,
+	}
+
+	jt[STATICCALL] = &operation{
+		execute:    opStaticCall,
+		dynamicGas: gasStaticCallEIP4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(6, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(6, 1),
+		memorySize: memoryStaticCall,
+	}
+
+	jt[DELEGATECALL] = &operation{
+		execute:    opDelegateCall,
+		dynamicGas: gasDelegateCallEIP4762,
+		minStack:   minStack(6, 1),
+		maxStack:   maxStack(6, 1),
+		memorySize: memoryDelegateCall,
+	}
+
+	jt[PUSH1] = &operation{
+		execute:     opPush1EIP4762,
+		constantGas: GasFastestStep,
+		minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
+	}
+	for i := 1; i < 32; i++ {
+		jt[PUSH1+OpCode(i)] = &operation{
+			execute:     makePushEIP4762(uint64(i+1), i+1),
+			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
+			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
+			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
+		}
+	}
+}

core/vm/evm.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ type (
 func (evm *EVM) precompile(addr common.Address) (PrecompiledContract, bool) {
 	var precompiles map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract
 	switch {
+	case evm.chainRules.IsVerkle:
+		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsVerkle
 	case evm.chainRules.IsPrague:
 		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsPrague
 	case evm.chainRules.IsCancun:
@@ -85,10 +88,11 @@ type BlockContext struct {
 // All fields can change between transactions.
 type TxContext struct {
 	// Message information
-	Origin     common.Address // Provides information for ORIGIN
-	GasPrice   *big.Int       // Provides information for GASPRICE (and is used to zero the basefee if NoBaseFee is set)
-	BlobHashes []common.Hash  // Provides information for BLOBHASH
-	BlobFeeCap *big.Int       // Is used to zero the blobbasefee if NoBaseFee is set
+	Origin       common.Address      // Provides information for ORIGIN
+	GasPrice     *big.Int            // Provides information for GASPRICE (and is used to zero the basefee if NoBaseFee is set)
+	BlobHashes   []common.Hash       // Provides information for BLOBHASH
+	BlobFeeCap   *big.Int            // Is used to zero the blobbasefee if NoBaseFee is set
+	AccessEvents *state.AccessEvents // Capture all state accesses for this tx
 }
 
 // EVM is the Ethereum Virtual Machine base object and provides
@@ -156,6 +160,9 @@ func NewEVM(blockCtx BlockContext, txCtx TxContext, statedb StateDB, chainConfig
 // Reset resets the EVM with a new transaction context.Reset
 // This is not threadsafe and should only be done very cautiously.
 func (evm *EVM) Reset(txCtx TxContext, statedb StateDB) {
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+		txCtx.AccessEvents = state.NewAccessEvents(statedb.PointCache())
+	}
 	evm.TxContext = txCtx
 	evm.StateDB = statedb
 }
@@ -200,6 +207,16 @@ func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas
 	p, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(addr)
 
 	if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
+		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+			// add proof of absence to witness
+			wgas := evm.AccessEvents.AddAccount(addr, false)
+			if gas < wgas {
+				evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
+				return nil, 0, ErrOutOfGas
+			}
+			gas -= wgas
+		}
+
 		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.IsZero() {
 			// Calling a non-existing account, don't do anything.
 			return nil, gas, nil
@@ -439,7 +456,7 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64,
 
 	// We add this to the access list _before_ taking a snapshot. Even if the
 	// creation fails, the access-list change should not be rolled back.
-	if evm.chainRules.IsBerlin {
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP2929 {
 		evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(address)
 	}
 	// Ensure there's no existing contract already at the designated address.
@@ -479,8 +496,18 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64,
 	// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
 	contract := NewContract(caller, AccountRef(address), value, gas)
 	contract.SetCodeOptionalHash(&address, codeAndHash)
+	contract.IsDeployment = true
 
-	ret, err = evm.interpreter.Run(contract, nil, false)
+	// Charge the contract creation init gas in verkle mode
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+		if !contract.UseGas(evm.AccessEvents.ContractCreateInitGas(address, value.Sign() != 0), evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeWitnessContractInit) {
+			err = ErrOutOfGas
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err == nil {
+		ret, err = evm.interpreter.Run(contract, nil, false)
+	}
 
 	// Check whether the max code size has been exceeded, assign err if the case.
 	if err == nil && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && len(ret) > params.MaxCodeSize {
@@ -497,11 +524,24 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64,
 	// be stored due to not enough gas set an error and let it be handled
 	// by the error checking condition below.
 	if err == nil {
-		createDataGas := uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateDataGas
-		if contract.UseGas(createDataGas, evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeCallCodeStorage) {
-			evm.StateDB.SetCode(address, ret)
+		if !evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+			createDataGas := uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateDataGas
+			if !contract.UseGas(createDataGas, evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeCallCodeStorage) {
+				err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
+			}
 		} else {
-			err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
+			// Contract creation completed, touch the missing fields in the contract
+			if !contract.UseGas(evm.AccessEvents.AddAccount(address, true), evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeWitnessContractCreation) {
+				err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
+			}
+
+			if err == nil && len(ret) > 0 && !contract.UseGas(evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(address, 0, uint64(len(ret)), uint64(len(ret)), true), evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk) {
+				err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err == nil {
+			evm.StateDB.SetCode(address, ret)
 		}
 	}
 

core/vm/gas_table.go

@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func gasCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize
 	} else if !evm.StateDB.Exist(address) {
 		gas += params.CallNewAccountGas
 	}
-	if transfersValue {
+	if transfersValue && !evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
 		gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
 	}
 	memoryGas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
@@ -394,7 +394,14 @@ func gasCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+		if transfersValue {
+			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.AccessEvents.ValueTransferGas(contract.Address(), address))
+			if overflow {
+				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(evm.chainRules.IsEIP150, contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
@@ -402,6 +409,7 @@ func gasCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
+
 	return gas, nil
 }
 
@@ -414,12 +422,22 @@ func gasCallCode(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memory
 		gas      uint64
 		overflow bool
 	)
-	if stack.Back(2).Sign() != 0 {
+	if stack.Back(2).Sign() != 0 && !evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
 		gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
 	}
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+		address := common.Address(stack.Back(1).Bytes20())
+		transfersValue := !stack.Back(2).IsZero()
+		if transfersValue {
+			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.AccessEvents.ValueTransferGas(contract.Address(), address))
+			if overflow {
+				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(evm.chainRules.IsEIP150, contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -359,9 +359,9 @@ func opCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([
 	if overflow {
 		uint64CodeOffset = math.MaxUint64
 	}
+
 	codeCopy := getData(scope.Contract.Code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
 	scope.Memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), codeCopy)
-
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -434,6 +434,7 @@ func opBlockhash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) (
 		num.Clear()
 		return nil, nil
 	}
+
 	var upper, lower uint64
 	upper = interpreter.evm.Context.BlockNumber.Uint64()
 	if upper < 257 {
@@ -583,6 +584,7 @@ func opCreate(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]b
 	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsEIP150 {
 		gas -= gas / 64
 	}
+
 	// reuse size int for stackvalue
 	stackvalue := size
 
@@ -623,6 +625,7 @@ func opCreate2(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]
 		input        = scope.Memory.GetCopy(int64(offset.Uint64()), int64(size.Uint64()))
 		gas          = scope.Contract.Gas
 	)
+
 	// Apply EIP150
 	gas -= gas / 64
 	scope.Contract.UseGas(gas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeCallContractCreation2)
@@ -637,7 +640,6 @@ func opCreate2(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]
 		stackvalue.SetBytes(addr.Bytes())
 	}
 	scope.Stack.push(&stackvalue)
-
 	scope.Contract.RefundGas(returnGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeCallLeftOverRefunded)
 
 	if suberr == ErrExecutionReverted {
@@ -896,6 +898,7 @@ func makePush(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
 				pushByteSize,
 			)),
 		)
+
 		*pc += size
 		return nil, nil
 	}

core/vm/interface.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
@@ -75,6 +76,10 @@ type StateDB interface {
 	// AddSlotToAccessList adds the given (address,slot) to the access list. This operation is safe to perform
 	// even if the feature/fork is not active yet
 	AddSlotToAccessList(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash)
+
+	// PointCache returns the point cache used in computations
+	PointCache() *utils.PointCache
+
 	Prepare(rules params.Rules, sender, coinbase common.Address, dest *common.Address, precompiles []common.Address, txAccesses types.AccessList)
 
 	RevertToSnapshot(int)

core/vm/interpreter.go

@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ func NewEVMInterpreter(evm *EVM) *EVMInterpreter {
 	// If jump table was not initialised we set the default one.
 	var table *JumpTable
 	switch {
+	case evm.chainRules.IsVerkle:
+		// TODO replace with proper instruction set when fork is specified
+		table = &verkleInstructionSet
 	case evm.chainRules.IsCancun:
 		table = &cancunInstructionSet
 	case evm.chainRules.IsShanghai:
@@ -219,6 +222,14 @@ func (in *EVMInterpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) (
 			// Capture pre-execution values for tracing.
 			logged, pcCopy, gasCopy = false, pc, contract.Gas
 		}
+
+		if in.evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 && !contract.IsDeployment {
+			// if the PC ends up in a new "chunk" of verkleized code, charge the
+			// associated costs.
+			contractAddr := contract.Address()
+			contract.Gas -= in.evm.TxContext.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, pc, 1, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
+		}
+
 		// Get the operation from the jump table and validate the stack to ensure there are
 		// enough stack items available to perform the operation.
 		op = contract.GetOp(pc)

core/vm/jump_table.go

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ var (
 	mergeInstructionSet            = newMergeInstructionSet()
 	shanghaiInstructionSet         = newShanghaiInstructionSet()
 	cancunInstructionSet           = newCancunInstructionSet()
+	verkleInstructionSet           = newVerkleInstructionSet()
 )
 
 // JumpTable contains the EVM opcodes supported at a given fork.
@@ -80,6 +81,12 @@ func validate(jt JumpTable) JumpTable {
 	return jt
 }
 
+func newVerkleInstructionSet() JumpTable {
+	instructionSet := newCancunInstructionSet()
+	enable4762(&instructionSet)
+	return validate(instructionSet)
+}
+
 func newCancunInstructionSet() JumpTable {
 	instructionSet := newShanghaiInstructionSet()
 	enable4844(&instructionSet) // EIP-4844 (BLOBHASH opcode)

core/vm/operations_verkle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package vm
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+func gasSStore4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	gas := evm.AccessEvents.SlotGas(contract.Address(), stack.peek().Bytes32(), true)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasSLoad4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	gas := evm.AccessEvents.SlotGas(contract.Address(), stack.peek().Bytes32(), false)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasBalance4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
+	gas := evm.AccessEvents.BalanceGas(address, false)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasExtCodeSize4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
+	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); isPrecompile {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	gas := evm.AccessEvents.VersionGas(address, false)
+	gas += evm.AccessEvents.CodeSizeGas(address, false)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasExtCodeHash4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
+	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); isPrecompile {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	gas := evm.AccessEvents.CodeHashGas(address, false)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(oldCalculator gasFunc) gasFunc {
+	return func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+		gas, err := oldCalculator(evm, contract, stack, mem, memorySize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(contract.Address()); isPrecompile {
+			return gas, nil
+		}
+		witnessGas := evm.AccessEvents.MessageCallGas(contract.Address())
+		if witnessGas == 0 {
+			witnessGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+		}
+		return witnessGas + gas, nil
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	gasCallEIP4762         = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCall)
+	gasCallCodeEIP4762     = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCallCode)
+	gasStaticCallEIP4762   = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasStaticCall)
+	gasDelegateCallEIP4762 = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasDelegateCall)
+)
+
+func gasSelfdestructEIP4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	beneficiaryAddr := common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
+	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(beneficiaryAddr); isPrecompile {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	contractAddr := contract.Address()
+	statelessGas := evm.AccessEvents.VersionGas(contractAddr, false)
+	statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.CodeSizeGas(contractAddr, false)
+	statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.BalanceGas(contractAddr, false)
+	if contractAddr != beneficiaryAddr {
+		statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.BalanceGas(beneficiaryAddr, false)
+	}
+	// Charge write costs if it transfers value
+	if evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contractAddr).Sign() != 0 {
+		statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.BalanceGas(contractAddr, true)
+		if contractAddr != beneficiaryAddr {
+			statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.BalanceGas(beneficiaryAddr, true)
+		}
+	}
+	return statelessGas, nil
+}
+
+func gasCodeCopyEip4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	gas, err := gasCodeCopy(evm, contract, stack, mem, memorySize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	var (
+		codeOffset = stack.Back(1)
+		length     = stack.Back(2)
+	)
+	uint64CodeOffset, overflow := codeOffset.Uint64WithOverflow()
+	if overflow {
+		uint64CodeOffset = math.MaxUint64
+	}
+	_, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(contract.Code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
+	if !contract.IsDeployment {
+		gas += evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contract.Address(), copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasExtCodeCopyEIP4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	// memory expansion first (dynamic part of pre-2929 implementation)
+	gas, err := gasExtCodeCopy(evm, contract, stack, mem, memorySize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	addr := common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
+	wgas := evm.AccessEvents.VersionGas(addr, false)
+	wgas += evm.AccessEvents.CodeSizeGas(addr, false)
+	if wgas == 0 {
+		wgas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	var overflow bool
+	// We charge (cold-warm), since 'warm' is already charged as constantGas
+	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wgas); overflow {
+		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}

go.mod

@@ -15,20 +15,20 @@ require (
 	github.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-go v0.79.0
 	github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.0
 	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.1
-	github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20231025140028-3c0104f4b233
+	github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20240223125850-b1e8a79f509c
 	github.com/crate-crypto/go-kzg-4844 v1.0.0
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
 	github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.1.0
 	github.com/donovanhide/eventsource v0.0.0-20210830082556-c59027999da0
 	github.com/dop251/goja v0.0.0-20230605162241-28ee0ee714f3
 	github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844 v1.0.0
+	github.com/ethereum/go-verkle v0.1.1-0.20240306133620-7d920df305f0
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
 	github.com/ferranbt/fastssz v0.1.2
 	github.com/fjl/gencodec v0.0.0-20230517082657-f9840df7b83e
 	github.com/fjl/memsize v0.0.2
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.6.0
 	github.com/gballet/go-libpcsclite v0.0.0-20190607065134-2772fd86a8ff
-	github.com/gballet/go-verkle v0.1.1-0.20231031103413-a67434b50f46
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.8.1
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.0
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4

go.sum

@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.1 h1:lHH39WuuFgVHONRl3J0LRBtuYdQTumFSDtJ
 github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.1/go.mod h1:v2Gy7L/4ZRosZ7Ivs+9SfUDr0f5UlG+EM5t7MPHiLuY=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2 h1:p1EgwI/C7NhT0JmVkwCD2ZBK8j4aeHQX2pMHHBfMQ6w=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
-github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20231025140028-3c0104f4b233 h1:d28BXYi+wUpz1KBmiF9bWrjEMacUEREV6MBi2ODnrfQ=
-github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20231025140028-3c0104f4b233/go.mod h1:geZJZH3SzKCqnz5VT0q/DyIG/tvu/dZk+VIfXicupJs=
+github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20240223125850-b1e8a79f509c h1:uQYC5Z1mdLRPrZhHjHxufI8+2UG/i25QG92j0Er9p6I=
+github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20240223125850-b1e8a79f509c/go.mod h1:geZJZH3SzKCqnz5VT0q/DyIG/tvu/dZk+VIfXicupJs=
 github.com/crate-crypto/go-kzg-4844 v1.0.0 h1:TsSgHwrkTKecKJ4kadtHi4b3xHW5dCFUDFnUp1TsawI=
 github.com/crate-crypto/go-kzg-4844 v1.0.0/go.mod h1:1kMhvPgI0Ky3yIa+9lFySEBUBXkYxeOi8ZF1sYioxhc=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1m
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844 v1.0.0 h1:0X1LBXxaEtYD9xsyj9B9ctQEZIpnvVDeoBx8aHEwTNA=
 github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844 v1.0.0/go.mod h1:VewdlzQmpT5QSrVhbBuGoCdFJkpaJlO1aQputP83wc0=
+github.com/ethereum/go-verkle v0.1.1-0.20240306133620-7d920df305f0 h1:KrE8I4reeVvf7C1tm8elRjj4BdscTYzz/WAbYyf/JI4=
+github.com/ethereum/go-verkle v0.1.1-0.20240306133620-7d920df305f0/go.mod h1:D9AJLVXSyZQXJQVk8oh1EwjISE+sJTn2duYIZC0dy3w=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0 h1:8LOYc1KYPPmyKMuN8QV2DNRWNbLo6LZ0iLs8+mlH53w=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0/go.mod h1:kLAiJbzzSOZDVNGyDpeOxJ47H46qBXwg5ILebYFFOfk=
 github.com/ferranbt/fastssz v0.1.2 h1:Dky6dXlngF6Qjc+EfDipAkE83N5I5DE68bY6O0VLNPk=
@@ -185,8 +187,6 @@ github.com/garslo/gogen v0.0.0-20170306192744-1d203ffc1f61 h1:IZqZOB2fydHte3kUgx
 github.com/garslo/gogen v0.0.0-20170306192744-1d203ffc1f61/go.mod h1:Q0X6pkwTILDlzrGEckF6HKjXe48EgsY/l7K7vhY4MW8=
 github.com/gballet/go-libpcsclite v0.0.0-20190607065134-2772fd86a8ff h1:tY80oXqGNY4FhTFhk+o9oFHGINQ/+vhlm8HFzi6znCI=
 github.com/gballet/go-libpcsclite v0.0.0-20190607065134-2772fd86a8ff/go.mod h1:x7DCsMOv1taUwEWCzT4cmDeAkigA5/QCwUodaVOe8Ww=
-github.com/gballet/go-verkle v0.1.1-0.20231031103413-a67434b50f46 h1:BAIP2GihuqhwdILrV+7GJel5lyPV3u1+PgzrWLc0TkE=
-github.com/gballet/go-verkle v0.1.1-0.20231031103413-a67434b50f46/go.mod h1:QNpY22eby74jVhqH4WhDLDwxc/vqsern6pW+u2kbkpc=
 github.com/getkin/kin-openapi v0.53.0/go.mod h1:7Yn5whZr5kJi6t+kShccXS8ae1APpYTW6yheSwk8Yi4=
 github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.18.0 h1:MtBW5H9QgdcJabtZcuJG80BMOwaBpkRDZkxRkNC1sN0=
 github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.18.0/go.mod h1:Kgon4Mby+FJ7ZWHFUAZgVaIa8sxHtnRJRLTXZr51aKQ=

params/config.go

@@ -581,6 +581,11 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) IsVerkle(num *big.Int, time uint64) bool {
 	return c.IsLondon(num) && isTimestampForked(c.VerkleTime, time)
 }
 
+// IsEIP4762 returns whether eip 4762 has been activated at given block.
+func (c *ChainConfig) IsEIP4762(num *big.Int, time uint64) bool {
+	return c.IsVerkle(num, time)
+}
+
 // CheckCompatible checks whether scheduled fork transitions have been imported
 // with a mismatching chain configuration.
 func (c *ChainConfig) CheckCompatible(newcfg *ChainConfig, height uint64, time uint64) *ConfigCompatError {
@@ -909,6 +914,7 @@ func (err *ConfigCompatError) Error() string {
 type Rules struct {
 	ChainID                                                 *big.Int
 	IsHomestead, IsEIP150, IsEIP155, IsEIP158               bool
+	IsEIP2929, IsEIP4762                                    bool
 	IsByzantium, IsConstantinople, IsPetersburg, IsIstanbul bool
 	IsBerlin, IsLondon                                      bool
 	IsMerge, IsShanghai, IsCancun, IsPrague                 bool
@@ -923,6 +929,7 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) Rules(num *big.Int, isMerge bool, timestamp uint64) Rules
 	}
 	// disallow setting Merge out of order
 	isMerge = isMerge && c.IsLondon(num)
+	isVerkle := isMerge && c.IsVerkle(num, timestamp)
 	return Rules{
 		ChainID:          new(big.Int).Set(chainID),
 		IsHomestead:      c.IsHomestead(num),
@@ -934,11 +941,13 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) Rules(num *big.Int, isMerge bool, timestamp uint64) Rules
 		IsPetersburg:     c.IsPetersburg(num),
 		IsIstanbul:       c.IsIstanbul(num),
 		IsBerlin:         c.IsBerlin(num),
+		IsEIP2929:        c.IsBerlin(num) && !isVerkle,
 		IsLondon:         c.IsLondon(num),
 		IsMerge:          isMerge,
 		IsShanghai:       isMerge && c.IsShanghai(num, timestamp),
 		IsCancun:         isMerge && c.IsCancun(num, timestamp),
 		IsPrague:         isMerge && c.IsPrague(num, timestamp),
-		IsVerkle:         isMerge && c.IsVerkle(num, timestamp),
+		IsVerkle:         isVerkle,
+		IsEIP4762:        isVerkle,
 	}
 }

params/protocol_params.go

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ const (
 	LogTopicGas           uint64 = 375   // Multiplied by the * of the LOG*, per LOG transaction. e.g. LOG0 incurs 0 * c_txLogTopicGas, LOG4 incurs 4 * c_txLogTopicGas.
 	CreateGas             uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE operation & contract-creation transaction.
 	Create2Gas            uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE2 operation
+	CreateNGasEip4762     uint64 = 1000  // Once per CREATEn operations post-verkle
 	SelfdestructRefundGas uint64 = 24000 // Refunded following a selfdestruct operation.
 	MemoryGas             uint64 = 3     // Times the address of the (highest referenced byte in memory + 1). NOTE: referencing happens on read, write and in instructions such as RETURN and CALL.
 

params/verkle_params.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package params
+
+// Verkle tree EIP: costs associated to witness accesses
+var (
+	WitnessBranchReadCost  uint64 = 1900
+	WitnessChunkReadCost   uint64 = 200
+	WitnessBranchWriteCost uint64 = 3000
+	WitnessChunkWriteCost  uint64 = 500
+	WitnessChunkFillCost   uint64 = 6200
+)
+
+// ClearVerkleWitnessCosts sets all witness costs to 0, which is necessary
+// for historical block replay simulations.
+func ClearVerkleWitnessCosts() {
+	WitnessBranchReadCost = 0
+	WitnessChunkReadCost = 0
+	WitnessBranchWriteCost = 0
+	WitnessChunkWriteCost = 0
+	WitnessChunkFillCost = 0
+}

trie/secure_trie.go

@@ -284,3 +284,7 @@ func (t *StateTrie) getSecKeyCache() map[string][]byte {
 	}
 	return t.secKeyCache
 }
+
+func (t *StateTrie) IsVerkle() bool {
+	return false
+}

trie/utils/verkle.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa/bandersnatch/fr"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
-	"github.com/gballet/go-verkle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func CodeChunkKey(address []byte, chunk *uint256.Int) []byte {
 	return GetTreeKey(address, treeIndex, subIndex)
 }
 
-func storageIndex(bytes []byte) (*uint256.Int, byte) {
+func StorageIndex(bytes []byte) (*uint256.Int, byte) {
 	// If the storage slot is in the header, we need to add the header offset.
 	var key uint256.Int
 	key.SetBytes(bytes)
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func storageIndex(bytes []byte) (*uint256.Int, byte) {
 // StorageSlotKey returns the verkle tree key of the storage slot for the
 // specified account.
 func StorageSlotKey(address []byte, storageKey []byte) []byte {
-	treeIndex, subIndex := storageIndex(storageKey)
+	treeIndex, subIndex := StorageIndex(storageKey)
 	return GetTreeKey(address, treeIndex, subIndex)
 }
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ func CodeChunkKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(addressPoint *verkle.Point, chunk *uint256
 // slot for the specified account. The difference between StorageSlotKey is the
 // address evaluation is already computed to minimize the computational overhead.
 func StorageSlotKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(evaluated *verkle.Point, storageKey []byte) []byte {
-	treeIndex, subIndex := storageIndex(storageKey)
+	treeIndex, subIndex := StorageIndex(storageKey)
 	return GetTreeKeyWithEvaluatedAddress(evaluated, treeIndex, subIndex)
 }
 

trie/utils/verkle_test.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/gballet/go-verkle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 

trie/verkle.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/trienode"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb/database"
-	"github.com/gballet/go-verkle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )