// Copyright 2020 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . package core import ( "math/big" "testing" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie" "golang.org/x/crypto/sha3" ) // TestStateProcessorErrors tests the output from the 'core' errors // as defined in core/error.go. These errors are generated when the // blockchain imports bad blocks, meaning blocks which have valid headers but // contain invalid transactions func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) { var ( config = ¶ms.ChainConfig{ ChainID: big.NewInt(1), HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0), EIP150Block: big.NewInt(0), EIP155Block: big.NewInt(0), EIP158Block: big.NewInt(0), ByzantiumBlock: big.NewInt(0), ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0), PetersburgBlock: big.NewInt(0), IstanbulBlock: big.NewInt(0), MuirGlacierBlock: big.NewInt(0), BerlinBlock: big.NewInt(0), LondonBlock: big.NewInt(0), Ethash: new(params.EthashConfig), } signer = types.LatestSigner(config) testKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291") ) var makeTx = func(nonce uint64, to common.Address, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, data []byte) *types.Transaction { tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, data), signer, testKey) return tx } var mkDynamicTx = func(nonce uint64, to common.Address, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap *big.Int) *types.Transaction { tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{ Nonce: nonce, GasTipCap: gasTipCap, GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap, Gas: gasLimit, To: &to, Value: big.NewInt(0), }), signer, testKey) return tx } { // Tests against a 'recent' chain definition var ( db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase() gspec = &Genesis{ Config: config, Alloc: GenesisAlloc{ common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{ Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether Nonce: 0, }, }, } genesis = gspec.MustCommit(db) blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil) ) defer blockchain.Stop() bigNumber := new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.FromHex("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff")) tooBigNumber := new(big.Int).Set(bigNumber) tooBigNumber.Add(tooBigNumber, common.Big1) for i, tt := range []struct { txs []*types.Transaction want string }{ { // ErrNonceTooLow txs: []*types.Transaction{ makeTx(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), makeTx(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), }, want: "could not apply tx 1 [0x0026256b3939ed97e2c4a6f3fce8ecf83bdcfa6d507c47838c308a1fb0436f62]: nonce too low: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 0 state: 1", }, { // ErrNonceTooHigh txs: []*types.Transaction{ makeTx(100, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xdebad714ca7f363bd0d8121c4518ad48fa469ca81b0a081be3d10c17460f751b]: nonce too high: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 100 state: 0", }, { // ErrGasLimitReached txs: []*types.Transaction{ makeTx(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), 21000000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached", }, { // ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer txs: []*types.Transaction{ makeTx(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x98c796b470f7fcab40aaef5c965a602b0238e1034cce6fb73823042dd0638d74]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1000018375000000000", }, { // ErrInsufficientFunds txs: []*types.Transaction{ makeTx(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(900000000000000000), nil), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x4a69690c4b0cd85e64d0d9ea06302455b01e10a83db964d60281739752003440]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 18900000000000000000000", }, // ErrGasUintOverflow // One missing 'core' error is ErrGasUintOverflow: "gas uint64 overflow", // In order to trigger that one, we'd have to allocate a _huge_ chunk of data, such that the // multiplication len(data) +gas_per_byte overflows uint64. Not testable at the moment { // ErrIntrinsicGas txs: []*types.Transaction{ makeTx(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xcf3b049a0b516cb4f9274b3e2a264359e2ba53b2fb64b7bda2c634d5c9d01fca]: intrinsic gas too low: have 20000, want 21000", }, { // ErrGasLimitReached txs: []*types.Transaction{ makeTx(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas*1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached", }, { // ErrFeeCapTooLow txs: []*types.Transaction{ mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xc4ab868fef0c82ae0387b742aee87907f2d0fc528fc6ea0a021459fb0fc4a4a8]: max fee per gas less than block base fee: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas: 0 baseFee: 875000000", }, { // ErrTipVeryHigh txs: []*types.Transaction{ mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, tooBigNumber, big.NewInt(1)), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x15b8391b9981f266b32f3ab7da564bbeb3d6c21628364ea9b32a21139f89f712]: max priority fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas bit length: 257", }, { // ErrFeeCapVeryHigh txs: []*types.Transaction{ mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), tooBigNumber), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x48bc299b83fdb345c57478f239e89814bb3063eb4e4b49f3b6057a69255c16bd]: max fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas bit length: 257", }, { // ErrTipAboveFeeCap txs: []*types.Transaction{ mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(1)), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xf987a31ff0c71895780a7612f965a0c8b056deb54e020bb44fa478092f14c9b4]: max priority fee per gas higher than max fee per gas: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas: 2, maxFeePerGas: 1", }, { // ErrInsufficientFunds // Available balance: 1000000000000000000 // Effective cost: 18375000021000 // FeeCap * gas: 1050000000000000000 // This test is designed to have the effective cost be covered by the balance, but // the extended requirement on FeeCap*gas < balance to fail txs: []*types.Transaction{ mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(50000000000000)), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x413603cd096a87f41b1660d3ed3e27d62e1da78eac138961c0a1314ed43bd129]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1050000000000000000", }, { // Another ErrInsufficientFunds, this one to ensure that feecap/tip of max u256 is allowed txs: []*types.Transaction{ mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, bigNumber, bigNumber), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd82a0c2519acfeac9a948258c47e784acd20651d9d80f9a1c67b4137651c3a24]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 2431633873983640103894990685182446064918669677978451844828609264166175722438635000", }, } { block := GenerateBadBlock(genesis, ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config) _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block}) if err == nil { t.Fatal("block imported without errors") } if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want { t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want) } } } // One final error is ErrTxTypeNotSupported. For this, we need an older chain { var ( db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase() gspec = &Genesis{ Config: ¶ms.ChainConfig{ ChainID: big.NewInt(1), HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0), EIP150Block: big.NewInt(0), EIP155Block: big.NewInt(0), EIP158Block: big.NewInt(0), ByzantiumBlock: big.NewInt(0), ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0), PetersburgBlock: big.NewInt(0), IstanbulBlock: big.NewInt(0), MuirGlacierBlock: big.NewInt(0), }, Alloc: GenesisAlloc{ common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{ Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether Nonce: 0, }, }, } genesis = gspec.MustCommit(db) blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil) ) defer blockchain.Stop() for i, tt := range []struct { txs []*types.Transaction want string }{ { // ErrTxTypeNotSupported txs: []*types.Transaction{ mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)), }, want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x88626ac0d53cb65308f2416103c62bb1f18b805573d4f96a3640bbbfff13c14f]: transaction type not supported", }, } { block := GenerateBadBlock(genesis, ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config) _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block}) if err == nil { t.Fatal("block imported without errors") } if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want { t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want) } } } } // GenerateBadBlock constructs a "block" which contains the transactions. The transactions are not expected to be // valid, and no proper post-state can be made. But from the perspective of the blockchain, the block is sufficiently // valid to be considered for import: // - valid pow (fake), ancestry, difficulty, gaslimit etc func GenerateBadBlock(parent *types.Block, engine consensus.Engine, txs types.Transactions, config *params.ChainConfig) *types.Block { header := &types.Header{ ParentHash: parent.Hash(), Coinbase: parent.Coinbase(), Difficulty: engine.CalcDifficulty(&fakeChainReader{config}, parent.Time()+10, &types.Header{ Number: parent.Number(), Time: parent.Time(), Difficulty: parent.Difficulty(), UncleHash: parent.UncleHash(), }), GasLimit: parent.GasLimit(), Number: new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number(), common.Big1), Time: parent.Time() + 10, UncleHash: types.EmptyUncleHash, } if config.IsLondon(header.Number) { header.BaseFee = misc.CalcBaseFee(config, parent.Header()) } var receipts []*types.Receipt // The post-state result doesn't need to be correct (this is a bad block), but we do need something there // Preferably something unique. So let's use a combo of blocknum + txhash hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256() hasher.Write(header.Number.Bytes()) var cumulativeGas uint64 for _, tx := range txs { txh := tx.Hash() hasher.Write(txh[:]) receipt := types.NewReceipt(nil, false, cumulativeGas+tx.Gas()) receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash() receipt.GasUsed = tx.Gas() receipts = append(receipts, receipt) cumulativeGas += tx.Gas() } header.Root = common.BytesToHash(hasher.Sum(nil)) // Assemble and return the final block for sealing return types.NewBlock(header, txs, nil, receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil)) }