Official Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol
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go-ethereum/core/state/pruner/pruner.go

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// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package pruner
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
"math"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
)
const (
// stateBloomFilePrefix is the filename prefix of state bloom filter.
stateBloomFilePrefix = "statebloom"
// stateBloomFilePrefix is the filename suffix of state bloom filter.
stateBloomFileSuffix = "bf.gz"
// stateBloomFileTempSuffix is the filename suffix of state bloom filter
// while it is being written out to detect write aborts.
stateBloomFileTempSuffix = ".tmp"
// rangeCompactionThreshold is the minimal deleted entry number for
// triggering range compaction. It's a quite arbitrary number but just
// to avoid triggering range compaction because of small deletion.
rangeCompactionThreshold = 100000
)
// Config includes all the configurations for pruning.
type Config struct {
Datadir string // The directory of the state database
BloomSize uint64 // The Megabytes of memory allocated to bloom-filter
}
// Pruner is an offline tool to prune the stale state with the
// help of the snapshot. The workflow of pruner is very simple:
//
// - iterate the snapshot, reconstruct the relevant state
// - iterate the database, delete all other state entries which
// don't belong to the target state and the genesis state
//
// It can take several hours(around 2 hours for mainnet) to finish
// the whole pruning work. It's recommended to run this offline tool
// periodically in order to release the disk usage and improve the
// disk read performance to some extent.
type Pruner struct {
config Config
chainHeader *types.Header
db ethdb.Database
stateBloom *stateBloom
snaptree *snapshot.Tree
}
// NewPruner creates the pruner instance.
func NewPruner(db ethdb.Database, config Config) (*Pruner, error) {
headBlock := rawdb.ReadHeadBlock(db)
if headBlock == nil {
return nil, errors.New("failed to load head block")
}
// Offline pruning is only supported in legacy hash based scheme.
triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.HashDefaults)
snapconfig := snapshot.Config{
CacheSize: 256,
Recovery: false,
NoBuild: true,
AsyncBuild: false,
}
snaptree, err := snapshot.New(snapconfig, db, triedb, headBlock.Root())
if err != nil {
return nil, err // The relevant snapshot(s) might not exist
}
// Sanitize the bloom filter size if it's too small.
if config.BloomSize < 256 {
log.Warn("Sanitizing bloomfilter size", "provided(MB)", config.BloomSize, "updated(MB)", 256)
config.BloomSize = 256
}
stateBloom, err := newStateBloomWithSize(config.BloomSize)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &Pruner{
config: config,
chainHeader: headBlock.Header(),
db: db,
stateBloom: stateBloom,
snaptree: snaptree,
}, nil
}
func prune(snaptree *snapshot.Tree, root common.Hash, maindb ethdb.Database, stateBloom *stateBloom, bloomPath string, middleStateRoots map[common.Hash]struct{}, start time.Time) error {
// Delete all stale trie nodes in the disk. With the help of state bloom
// the trie nodes(and codes) belong to the active state will be filtered
// out. A very small part of stale tries will also be filtered because of
// the false-positive rate of bloom filter. But the assumption is held here
// that the false-positive is low enough(~0.05%). The probability of the
// dangling node is the state root is super low. So the dangling nodes in
// theory will never ever be visited again.
var (
skipped, count int
size common.StorageSize
pstart = time.Now()
logged = time.Now()
batch = maindb.NewBatch()
iter = maindb.NewIterator(nil, nil)
)
for iter.Next() {
key := iter.Key()
// All state entries don't belong to specific state and genesis are deleted here
// - trie node
// - legacy contract code
// - new-scheme contract code
isCode, codeKey := rawdb.IsCodeKey(key)
if len(key) == common.HashLength || isCode {
checkKey := key
if isCode {
checkKey = codeKey
}
if _, exist := middleStateRoots[common.BytesToHash(checkKey)]; exist {
log.Debug("Forcibly delete the middle state roots", "hash", common.BytesToHash(checkKey))
} else {
if stateBloom.Contain(checkKey) {
skipped += 1
continue
}
}
count += 1
size += common.StorageSize(len(key) + len(iter.Value()))
batch.Delete(key)
var eta time.Duration // Realistically will never remain uninited
if done := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(key[:8]); done > 0 {
var (
left = math.MaxUint64 - binary.BigEndian.Uint64(key[:8])
speed = done/uint64(time.Since(pstart)/time.Millisecond+1) + 1 // +1s to avoid division by zero
)
eta = time.Duration(left/speed) * time.Millisecond
}
if time.Since(logged) > 8*time.Second {
log.Info("Pruning state data", "nodes", count, "skipped", skipped, "size", size,
"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(pstart)), "eta", common.PrettyDuration(eta))
logged = time.Now()
}
// Recreate the iterator after every batch commit in order
// to allow the underlying compactor to delete the entries.
if batch.ValueSize() >= ethdb.IdealBatchSize {
batch.Write()
batch.Reset()
iter.Release()
iter = maindb.NewIterator(nil, key)
}
}
}
if batch.ValueSize() > 0 {
batch.Write()
batch.Reset()
}
iter.Release()
log.Info("Pruned state data", "nodes", count, "size", size, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(pstart)))
// Pruning is done, now drop the "useless" layers from the snapshot.
// Firstly, flushing the target layer into the disk. After that all
// diff layers below the target will all be merged into the disk.
if err := snaptree.Cap(root, 0); err != nil {
return err
}
// Secondly, flushing the snapshot journal into the disk. All diff
// layers upon are dropped silently. Eventually the entire snapshot
// tree is converted into a single disk layer with the pruning target
// as the root.
if _, err := snaptree.Journal(root); err != nil {
return err
}
// Delete the state bloom, it marks the entire pruning procedure is
// finished. If any crashes or manual exit happens before this,
// `RecoverPruning` will pick it up in the next restarts to redo all
// the things.
os.RemoveAll(bloomPath)
// Start compactions, will remove the deleted data from the disk immediately.
// Note for small pruning, the compaction is skipped.
if count >= rangeCompactionThreshold {
cstart := time.Now()
for b := 0x00; b <= 0xf0; b += 0x10 {
var (
start = []byte{byte(b)}
end = []byte{byte(b + 0x10)}
)
if b == 0xf0 {
end = nil
}
log.Info("Compacting database", "range", fmt.Sprintf("%#x-%#x", start, end), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(cstart)))
if err := maindb.Compact(start, end); err != nil {
log.Error("Database compaction failed", "error", err)
return err
}
}
log.Info("Database compaction finished", "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(cstart)))
}
log.Info("State pruning successful", "pruned", size, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
return nil
}
// Prune deletes all historical state nodes except the nodes belong to the
// specified state version. If user doesn't specify the state version, use
// the bottom-most snapshot diff layer as the target.
func (p *Pruner) Prune(root common.Hash) error {
// If the state bloom filter is already committed previously,
// reuse it for pruning instead of generating a new one. It's
// mandatory because a part of state may already be deleted,
// the recovery procedure is necessary.
_, stateBloomRoot, err := findBloomFilter(p.config.Datadir)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if stateBloomRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
return RecoverPruning(p.config.Datadir, p.db)
}
// If the target state root is not specified, use the HEAD-127 as the
// target. The reason for picking it is:
// - in most of the normal cases, the related state is available
// - the probability of this layer being reorg is very low
var layers []snapshot.Snapshot
if root == (common.Hash{}) {
// Retrieve all snapshot layers from the current HEAD.
// In theory there are 128 difflayers + 1 disk layer present,
// so 128 diff layers are expected to be returned.
layers = p.snaptree.Snapshots(p.chainHeader.Root, 128, true)
if len(layers) != 128 {
// Reject if the accumulated diff layers are less than 128. It
// means in most of normal cases, there is no associated state
// with bottom-most diff layer.
return fmt.Errorf("snapshot not old enough yet: need %d more blocks", 128-len(layers))
}
// Use the bottom-most diff layer as the target
root = layers[len(layers)-1].Root()
}
// Ensure the root is really present. The weak assumption
// is the presence of root can indicate the presence of the
// entire trie.
if !rawdb.HasLegacyTrieNode(p.db, root) {
// The special case is for clique based networks(goerli
// and some other private networks), it's possible that two
// consecutive blocks will have same root. In this case snapshot
// difflayer won't be created. So HEAD-127 may not paired with
// head-127 layer. Instead the paired layer is higher than the
// bottom-most diff layer. Try to find the bottom-most snapshot
// layer with state available.
//
// Note HEAD and HEAD-1 is ignored. Usually there is the associated
// state available, but we don't want to use the topmost state
// as the pruning target.
var found bool
for i := len(layers) - 2; i >= 2; i-- {
if rawdb.HasLegacyTrieNode(p.db, layers[i].Root()) {
root = layers[i].Root()
found = true
log.Info("Selecting middle-layer as the pruning target", "root", root, "depth", i)
break
}
}
if !found {
if len(layers) > 0 {
return errors.New("no snapshot paired state")
}
return fmt.Errorf("associated state[%x] is not present", root)
}
} else {
if len(layers) > 0 {
log.Info("Selecting bottom-most difflayer as the pruning target", "root", root, "height", p.chainHeader.Number.Uint64()-127)
} else {
log.Info("Selecting user-specified state as the pruning target", "root", root)
}
}
// All the state roots of the middle layer should be forcibly pruned,
// otherwise the dangling state will be left.
middleRoots := make(map[common.Hash]struct{})
for _, layer := range layers {
if layer.Root() == root {
break
}
middleRoots[layer.Root()] = struct{}{}
}
// Traverse the target state, re-construct the whole state trie and
// commit to the given bloom filter.
start := time.Now()
if err := snapshot.GenerateTrie(p.snaptree, root, p.db, p.stateBloom); err != nil {
return err
}
// Traverse the genesis, put all genesis state entries into the
// bloom filter too.
if err := extractGenesis(p.db, p.stateBloom); err != nil {
return err
}
filterName := bloomFilterName(p.config.Datadir, root)
log.Info("Writing state bloom to disk", "name", filterName)
if err := p.stateBloom.Commit(filterName, filterName+stateBloomFileTempSuffix); err != nil {
return err
}
log.Info("State bloom filter committed", "name", filterName)
return prune(p.snaptree, root, p.db, p.stateBloom, filterName, middleRoots, start)
}
// RecoverPruning will resume the pruning procedure during the system restart.
// This function is used in this case: user tries to prune state data, but the
// system was interrupted midway because of crash or manual-kill. In this case
// if the bloom filter for filtering active state is already constructed, the
// pruning can be resumed. What's more if the bloom filter is constructed, the
// pruning **has to be resumed**. Otherwise a lot of dangling nodes may be left
// in the disk.
func RecoverPruning(datadir string, db ethdb.Database) error {
stateBloomPath, stateBloomRoot, err := findBloomFilter(datadir)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if stateBloomPath == "" {
return nil // nothing to recover
}
headBlock := rawdb.ReadHeadBlock(db)
if headBlock == nil {
return errors.New("failed to load head block")
}
// Initialize the snapshot tree in recovery mode to handle this special case:
// - Users run the `prune-state` command multiple times
// - Neither these `prune-state` running is finished(e.g. interrupted manually)
// - The state bloom filter is already generated, a part of state is deleted,
// so that resuming the pruning here is mandatory
// - The state HEAD is rewound already because of multiple incomplete `prune-state`
// In this case, even the state HEAD is not exactly matched with snapshot, it
// still feasible to recover the pruning correctly.
snapconfig := snapshot.Config{
CacheSize: 256,
Recovery: true,
NoBuild: true,
AsyncBuild: false,
}
// Offline pruning is only supported in legacy hash based scheme.
triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.HashDefaults)
snaptree, err := snapshot.New(snapconfig, db, triedb, headBlock.Root())
if err != nil {
return err // The relevant snapshot(s) might not exist
}
stateBloom, err := NewStateBloomFromDisk(stateBloomPath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
log.Info("Loaded state bloom filter", "path", stateBloomPath)
// All the state roots of the middle layers should be forcibly pruned,
// otherwise the dangling state will be left.
var (
found bool
layers = snaptree.Snapshots(headBlock.Root(), 128, true)
middleRoots = make(map[common.Hash]struct{})
)
for _, layer := range layers {
if layer.Root() == stateBloomRoot {
found = true
break
}
middleRoots[layer.Root()] = struct{}{}
}
if !found {
log.Error("Pruning target state is not existent")
return errors.New("non-existent target state")
}
return prune(snaptree, stateBloomRoot, db, stateBloom, stateBloomPath, middleRoots, time.Now())
}
// extractGenesis loads the genesis state and commits all the state entries
// into the given bloomfilter.
func extractGenesis(db ethdb.Database, stateBloom *stateBloom) error {
genesisHash := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(db, 0)
if genesisHash == (common.Hash{}) {
return errors.New("missing genesis hash")
}
genesis := rawdb.ReadBlock(db, genesisHash, 0)
if genesis == nil {
return errors.New("missing genesis block")
}
t, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StateTrieID(genesis.Root()), triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.HashDefaults))
if err != nil {
return err
}
accIter, err := t.NodeIterator(nil)
if err != nil {
return err
}
for accIter.Next(true) {
hash := accIter.Hash()
// Embedded nodes don't have hash.
if hash != (common.Hash{}) {
stateBloom.Put(hash.Bytes(), nil)
}
// If it's a leaf node, yes we are touching an account,
// dig into the storage trie further.
if accIter.Leaf() {
var acc types.StateAccount
if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(accIter.LeafBlob(), &acc); err != nil {
return err
}
if acc.Root != types.EmptyRootHash {
id := trie.StorageTrieID(genesis.Root(), common.BytesToHash(accIter.LeafKey()), acc.Root)
storageTrie, err := trie.NewStateTrie(id, triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.HashDefaults))
if err != nil {
return err
}
storageIter, err := storageTrie.NodeIterator(nil)
if err != nil {
return err
}
for storageIter.Next(true) {
hash := storageIter.Hash()
if hash != (common.Hash{}) {
stateBloom.Put(hash.Bytes(), nil)
}
}
if storageIter.Error() != nil {
return storageIter.Error()
}
}
if !bytes.Equal(acc.CodeHash, types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()) {
stateBloom.Put(acc.CodeHash, nil)
}
}
}
return accIter.Error()
}
func bloomFilterName(datadir string, hash common.Hash) string {
return filepath.Join(datadir, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s.%s", stateBloomFilePrefix, hash.Hex(), stateBloomFileSuffix))
}
func isBloomFilter(filename string) (bool, common.Hash) {
filename = filepath.Base(filename)
if strings.HasPrefix(filename, stateBloomFilePrefix) && strings.HasSuffix(filename, stateBloomFileSuffix) {
return true, common.HexToHash(filename[len(stateBloomFilePrefix)+1 : len(filename)-len(stateBloomFileSuffix)-1])
}
return false, common.Hash{}
}
func findBloomFilter(datadir string) (string, common.Hash, error) {
var (
stateBloomPath string
stateBloomRoot common.Hash
)
if err := filepath.Walk(datadir, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
if info != nil && !info.IsDir() {
ok, root := isBloomFilter(path)
if ok {
stateBloomPath = path
stateBloomRoot = root
}
}
return nil
}); err != nil {
return "", common.Hash{}, err
}
return stateBloomPath, stateBloomRoot, nil
}