Official Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol
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go-ethereum/core/vm/eips.go

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// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package vm
import (
"fmt"
"math"
"sort"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
"github.com/holiman/uint256"
)
var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
5656: enable5656,
6780: enable6780,
3855: enable3855,
3860: enable3860,
3529: enable3529,
3198: enable3198,
2929: enable2929,
2200: enable2200,
1884: enable1884,
1344: enable1344,
1153: enable1153,
4762: enable4762,
}
// EnableEIP enables the given EIP on the config.
// This operation writes in-place, and callers need to ensure that the globally
// defined jump tables are not polluted.
func EnableEIP(eipNum int, jt *JumpTable) error {
enablerFn, ok := activators[eipNum]
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("undefined eip %d", eipNum)
}
enablerFn(jt)
return nil
}
func ValidEip(eipNum int) bool {
_, ok := activators[eipNum]
return ok
}
func ActivateableEips() []string {
var nums []string
for k := range activators {
nums = append(nums, fmt.Sprintf("%d", k))
}
sort.Strings(nums)
return nums
}
// enable1884 applies EIP-1884 to the given jump table:
// - Increase cost of BALANCE to 700
// - Increase cost of EXTCODEHASH to 700
// - Increase cost of SLOAD to 800
// - Define SELFBALANCE, with cost GasFastStep (5)
func enable1884(jt *JumpTable) {
// Gas cost changes
jt[SLOAD].constantGas = params.SloadGasEIP1884
jt[BALANCE].constantGas = params.BalanceGasEIP1884
jt[EXTCODEHASH].constantGas = params.ExtcodeHashGasEIP1884
// New opcode
jt[SELFBALANCE] = &operation{
execute: opSelfBalance,
constantGas: GasFastStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
}
func opSelfBalance(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
balance := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetBalance(scope.Contract.Address())
scope.Stack.push(balance)
return nil, nil
}
// enable1344 applies EIP-1344 (ChainID Opcode)
// - Adds an opcode that returns the current chain’s EIP-155 unique identifier
func enable1344(jt *JumpTable) {
// New opcode
jt[CHAINID] = &operation{
execute: opChainID,
constantGas: GasQuickStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
}
// opChainID implements CHAINID opcode
func opChainID(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
chainId, _ := uint256.FromBig(interpreter.evm.chainConfig.ChainID)
scope.Stack.push(chainId)
return nil, nil
}
// enable2200 applies EIP-2200 (Rebalance net-metered SSTORE)
func enable2200(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[SLOAD].constantGas = params.SloadGasEIP2200
jt[SSTORE].dynamicGas = gasSStoreEIP2200
}
// enable2929 enables "EIP-2929: Gas cost increases for state access opcodes"
// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2929
func enable2929(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[SSTORE].dynamicGas = gasSStoreEIP2929
jt[SLOAD].constantGas = 0
jt[SLOAD].dynamicGas = gasSLoadEIP2929
jt[EXTCODECOPY].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODECOPY].dynamicGas = gasExtCodeCopyEIP2929
jt[EXTCODESIZE].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODESIZE].dynamicGas = gasEip2929AccountCheck
jt[EXTCODEHASH].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[EXTCODEHASH].dynamicGas = gasEip2929AccountCheck
jt[BALANCE].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[BALANCE].dynamicGas = gasEip2929AccountCheck
jt[CALL].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[CALL].dynamicGas = gasCallEIP2929
jt[CALLCODE].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[CALLCODE].dynamicGas = gasCallCodeEIP2929
jt[STATICCALL].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[STATICCALL].dynamicGas = gasStaticCallEIP2929
jt[DELEGATECALL].constantGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
jt[DELEGATECALL].dynamicGas = gasDelegateCallEIP2929
// This was previously part of the dynamic cost, but we're using it as a constantGas
// factor here
jt[SELFDESTRUCT].constantGas = params.SelfdestructGasEIP150
jt[SELFDESTRUCT].dynamicGas = gasSelfdestructEIP2929
}
// enable3529 enabled "EIP-3529: Reduction in refunds":
// - Removes refunds for selfdestructs
// - Reduces refunds for SSTORE
// - Reduces max refunds to 20% gas
func enable3529(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[SSTORE].dynamicGas = gasSStoreEIP3529
jt[SELFDESTRUCT].dynamicGas = gasSelfdestructEIP3529
}
// enable3198 applies EIP-3198 (BASEFEE Opcode)
// - Adds an opcode that returns the current block's base fee.
func enable3198(jt *JumpTable) {
// New opcode
jt[BASEFEE] = &operation{
execute: opBaseFee,
constantGas: GasQuickStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
}
// enable1153 applies EIP-1153 "Transient Storage"
// - Adds TLOAD that reads from transient storage
// - Adds TSTORE that writes to transient storage
func enable1153(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[TLOAD] = &operation{
execute: opTload,
constantGas: params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
jt[TSTORE] = &operation{
execute: opTstore,
constantGas: params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929,
minStack: minStack(2, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(2, 0),
}
}
// opTload implements TLOAD opcode
func opTload(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
loc := scope.Stack.peek()
hash := common.Hash(loc.Bytes32())
val := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetTransientState(scope.Contract.Address(), hash)
loc.SetBytes(val.Bytes())
return nil, nil
}
// opTstore implements TSTORE opcode
func opTstore(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
if interpreter.readOnly {
return nil, ErrWriteProtection
}
loc := scope.Stack.pop()
val := scope.Stack.pop()
interpreter.evm.StateDB.SetTransientState(scope.Contract.Address(), loc.Bytes32(), val.Bytes32())
return nil, nil
}
// opBaseFee implements BASEFEE opcode
func opBaseFee(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
baseFee, _ := uint256.FromBig(interpreter.evm.Context.BaseFee)
scope.Stack.push(baseFee)
return nil, nil
}
// enable3855 applies EIP-3855 (PUSH0 opcode)
func enable3855(jt *JumpTable) {
// New opcode
jt[PUSH0] = &operation{
execute: opPush0,
constantGas: GasQuickStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
}
// opPush0 implements the PUSH0 opcode
func opPush0(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int))
return nil, nil
}
// enable3860 enables "EIP-3860: Limit and meter initcode"
// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3860
func enable3860(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[CREATE].dynamicGas = gasCreateEip3860
jt[CREATE2].dynamicGas = gasCreate2Eip3860
}
// enable5656 enables EIP-5656 (MCOPY opcode)
// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656
func enable5656(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[MCOPY] = &operation{
execute: opMcopy,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
dynamicGas: gasMcopy,
minStack: minStack(3, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(3, 0),
memorySize: memoryMcopy,
}
}
// opMcopy implements the MCOPY opcode (https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656)
func opMcopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
var (
dst = scope.Stack.pop()
src = scope.Stack.pop()
length = scope.Stack.pop()
)
// These values are checked for overflow during memory expansion calculation
// (the memorySize function on the opcode).
scope.Memory.Copy(dst.Uint64(), src.Uint64(), length.Uint64())
return nil, nil
}
// opBlobHash implements the BLOBHASH opcode
func opBlobHash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
index := scope.Stack.peek()
if index.LtUint64(uint64(len(interpreter.evm.TxContext.BlobHashes))) {
blobHash := interpreter.evm.TxContext.BlobHashes[index.Uint64()]
index.SetBytes32(blobHash[:])
} else {
index.Clear()
}
return nil, nil
}
// opBlobBaseFee implements BLOBBASEFEE opcode
func opBlobBaseFee(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
blobBaseFee, _ := uint256.FromBig(interpreter.evm.Context.BlobBaseFee)
scope.Stack.push(blobBaseFee)
return nil, nil
}
// enable4844 applies EIP-4844 (BLOBHASH opcode)
func enable4844(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[BLOBHASH] = &operation{
execute: opBlobHash,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
}
// enable7516 applies EIP-7516 (BLOBBASEFEE opcode)
func enable7516(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[BLOBBASEFEE] = &operation{
execute: opBlobBaseFee,
constantGas: GasQuickStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
}
// enable6780 applies EIP-6780 (deactivate SELFDESTRUCT)
func enable6780(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[SELFDESTRUCT] = &operation{
execute: opSelfdestruct6780,
dynamicGas: gasSelfdestructEIP3529,
constantGas: params.SelfdestructGasEIP150,
minStack: minStack(1, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 0),
}
}
func opExtCodeCopyEIP4762(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
var (
stack = scope.Stack
a = stack.pop()
memOffset = stack.pop()
codeOffset = stack.pop()
length = stack.pop()
)
uint64CodeOffset, overflow := codeOffset.Uint64WithOverflow()
if overflow {
uint64CodeOffset = math.MaxUint64
}
addr := common.Address(a.Bytes20())
code := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)
contract := &Contract{
Code: code,
self: AccountRef(addr),
}
paddedCodeCopy, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(addr, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
scope.Contract.Gas = 0
return nil, ErrOutOfGas
}
scope.Memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), paddedCodeCopy)
return nil, nil
}
// opPush1EIP4762 handles the special case of PUSH1 opcode for EIP-4762, which
// need not worry about the adjusted bound logic when adding the PUSHDATA to
// the list of access events.
func opPush1EIP4762(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
var (
codeLen = uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code))
integer = new(uint256.Int)
)
*pc += 1
if *pc < codeLen {
scope.Stack.push(integer.SetUint64(uint64(scope.Contract.Code[*pc])))
if !scope.Contract.IsDeployment && *pc%31 == 0 {
// touch next chunk if PUSH1 is at the boundary. if so, *pc has
// advanced past this boundary.
contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, *pc+1, uint64(1), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
scope.Contract.Gas = 0
return nil, ErrOutOfGas
}
}
} else {
scope.Stack.push(integer.Clear())
}
return nil, nil
}
func makePushEIP4762(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
return func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
var (
codeLen = len(scope.Contract.Code)
start = min(codeLen, int(*pc+1))
end = min(codeLen, start+pushByteSize)
)
scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(
common.RightPadBytes(
scope.Contract.Code[start:end],
pushByteSize,
)),
)
if !scope.Contract.IsDeployment {
contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, uint64(start), uint64(pushByteSize), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
scope.Contract.Gas = 0
return nil, ErrOutOfGas
}
}
*pc += size
return nil, nil
}
}
func enable4762(jt *JumpTable) {
jt[SSTORE] = &operation{
dynamicGas: gasSStore4762,
execute: opSstore,
minStack: minStack(2, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(2, 0),
}
jt[SLOAD] = &operation{
dynamicGas: gasSLoad4762,
execute: opSload,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
jt[BALANCE] = &operation{
execute: opBalance,
dynamicGas: gasBalance4762,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
jt[EXTCODESIZE] = &operation{
execute: opExtCodeSize,
dynamicGas: gasExtCodeSize4762,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
jt[EXTCODEHASH] = &operation{
execute: opExtCodeHash,
dynamicGas: gasExtCodeHash4762,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
jt[EXTCODECOPY] = &operation{
execute: opExtCodeCopyEIP4762,
dynamicGas: gasExtCodeCopyEIP4762,
minStack: minStack(4, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(4, 0),
memorySize: memoryExtCodeCopy,
}
jt[CODECOPY] = &operation{
execute: opCodeCopy,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
dynamicGas: gasCodeCopyEip4762,
minStack: minStack(3, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(3, 0),
memorySize: memoryCodeCopy,
}
jt[SELFDESTRUCT] = &operation{
execute: opSelfdestruct6780,
dynamicGas: gasSelfdestructEIP4762,
constantGas: params.SelfdestructGasEIP150,
minStack: minStack(1, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 0),
}
jt[CREATE] = &operation{
execute: opCreate,
constantGas: params.CreateNGasEip4762,
dynamicGas: gasCreateEip3860,
minStack: minStack(3, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(3, 1),
memorySize: memoryCreate,
}
jt[CREATE2] = &operation{
execute: opCreate2,
constantGas: params.CreateNGasEip4762,
dynamicGas: gasCreate2Eip3860,
minStack: minStack(4, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(4, 1),
memorySize: memoryCreate2,
}
jt[CALL] = &operation{
execute: opCall,
dynamicGas: gasCallEIP4762,
minStack: minStack(7, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(7, 1),
memorySize: memoryCall,
}
jt[CALLCODE] = &operation{
execute: opCallCode,
dynamicGas: gasCallCodeEIP4762,
minStack: minStack(7, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(7, 1),
memorySize: memoryCall,
}
jt[STATICCALL] = &operation{
execute: opStaticCall,
dynamicGas: gasStaticCallEIP4762,
minStack: minStack(6, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(6, 1),
memorySize: memoryStaticCall,
}
jt[DELEGATECALL] = &operation{
execute: opDelegateCall,
dynamicGas: gasDelegateCallEIP4762,
minStack: minStack(6, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(6, 1),
memorySize: memoryDelegateCall,
}
jt[PUSH1] = &operation{
execute: opPush1EIP4762,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
for i := 1; i < 32; i++ {
jt[PUSH1+OpCode(i)] = &operation{
execute: makePushEIP4762(uint64(i+1), i+1),
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
}
}
// enableEOF applies the EOF changes.
// OBS! For EOF, there are two changes:
// 1. Two separate jumptables are required. One, EOF-jumptable, is used by
// eof contracts. This one contains things like RJUMP.
// 2. The regular non-eof jumptable also needs to be modified, specifically to
// modify how EXTCODECOPY works under the hood.
//
// This method _only_ deals with case 1.
func enableEOF(jt *JumpTable) {
// Deprecate opcodes
undefined := &operation{
execute: opUndefined,
constantGas: 0,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
undefined: true,
}
jt[CALL] = undefined
jt[CALLCODE] = undefined
jt[DELEGATECALL] = undefined
jt[STATICCALL] = undefined
jt[SELFDESTRUCT] = undefined
jt[JUMP] = undefined
jt[JUMPI] = undefined
jt[PC] = undefined
jt[CREATE] = undefined
jt[CREATE2] = undefined
jt[CODESIZE] = undefined
jt[CODECOPY] = undefined
jt[EXTCODESIZE] = undefined
jt[EXTCODECOPY] = undefined
jt[EXTCODEHASH] = undefined
jt[GAS] = undefined
// Allow 0xFE to terminate sections
jt[INVALID] = &operation{
execute: opUndefined,
constantGas: 0,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
}
// New opcodes
jt[RJUMP] = &operation{
execute: opRjump,
constantGas: GasQuickStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
}
jt[RJUMPI] = &operation{
execute: opRjumpi,
constantGas: GasFastishStep,
minStack: minStack(1, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 0),
}
jt[RJUMPV] = &operation{
execute: opRjumpv,
constantGas: GasFastishStep,
minStack: minStack(1, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 0),
}
jt[CALLF] = &operation{
execute: opCallf,
constantGas: GasFastStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
}
jt[RETF] = &operation{
execute: opRetf,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
}
jt[JUMPF] = &operation{
execute: opJumpf,
constantGas: GasFastStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
}
jt[EOFCREATE] = &operation{
execute: opEOFCreate,
constantGas: params.Create2Gas,
dynamicGas: gasEOFCreate,
minStack: minStack(4, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(4, 1),
memorySize: memoryEOFCreate,
}
jt[RETURNCONTRACT] = &operation{
execute: opReturnContract,
// returncontract has zero constant gas cost
dynamicGas: pureMemoryGascost,
minStack: minStack(2, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(2, 0),
memorySize: memoryReturnContract,
}
jt[DATALOAD] = &operation{
execute: opDataLoad,
constantGas: GasFastishStep,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
jt[DATALOADN] = &operation{
execute: opDataLoadN,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
jt[DATASIZE] = &operation{
execute: opDataSize,
constantGas: GasQuickStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
jt[DATACOPY] = &operation{
execute: opDataCopy,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
dynamicGas: memoryCopierGas(2),
minStack: minStack(3, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(3, 0),
memorySize: memoryDataCopy,
}
jt[DUPN] = &operation{
execute: opDupN,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 1),
}
jt[SWAPN] = &operation{
execute: opSwapN,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
}
jt[EXCHANGE] = &operation{
execute: opExchange,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(0, 0),
maxStack: maxStack(0, 0),
}
jt[RETURNDATALOAD] = &operation{
execute: opReturnDataLoad,
constantGas: GasFastestStep,
minStack: minStack(1, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(1, 1),
}
jt[EXTCALL] = &operation{
execute: opExtCall,
constantGas: params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929,
dynamicGas: makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929(gasExtCall, 0),
minStack: minStack(4, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(4, 1),
memorySize: memoryExtCall,
}
jt[EXTDELEGATECALL] = &operation{
execute: opExtDelegateCall,
dynamicGas: makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929(gasExtDelegateCall, 0),
constantGas: params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929,
minStack: minStack(3, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(3, 1),
memorySize: memoryExtCall,
}
jt[EXTSTATICCALL] = &operation{
execute: opExtStaticCall,
constantGas: params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929,
dynamicGas: makeCallVariantGasCallEIP2929(gasExtStaticCall, 0),
minStack: minStack(3, 1),
maxStack: maxStack(3, 1),
memorySize: memoryExtCall,
}
}