diff --git a/src/app.js b/src/app.js
index 7069bef3c6..a1111dc898 100644
--- a/src/app.js
+++ b/src/app.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ var Config = require('./config')
 var Editor = require('./app/editor/editor')
 var Renderer = require('./app/ui/renderer')
 var Compiler = require('./app/compiler/compiler')
-var ExecutionContext = require('./execution-context')
+var executionContext = require('./execution-context')
 var Debugger = require('./app/debugger/debugger')
 var StaticAnalysis = require('./app/staticanalysis/staticAnalysisView')
 var FilePanel = require('./app/panels/file-panel')
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ var modalDialogCustom = require('./app/ui/modal-dialog-custom')
 var Txlistener = require('./app/execution/txListener')
 var TxLogger = require('./app/execution/txLogger')
 var EventsDecoder = require('./app/execution/eventsDecoder')
-var Web3VMProvider = remix.web3.web3VMProvider
 var handleImports = require('./app/compiler/compiler-imports')
 var FileManager = require('./app/files/fileManager')
 
@@ -169,22 +168,14 @@ module.exports = App
 
 function run () {
   var self = this
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------
-  var executionContext = new ExecutionContext()
-
   // ----------------- editor ----------------------------
   this._components.editor = new Editor({}) // @TODO: put into editorpanel
   // ----------------- editor panel ----------------------
   this._components.editorpanel = new EditorPanel({
     api: {
       editor: self._components.editor,
-      config: self._api.config,
-      web3: () => {
-        return executionContext.web3()
-      },
-      context: () => {
-        return executionContext.getProvider()
-      }}
+      config: self._api.config
+    }
   })
   this._components.editorpanel.event.register('resize', direction => self._adjustLayout(direction))
 
@@ -351,7 +342,7 @@ function run () {
     }
   }
 
-  var udapp = new UniversalDApp(executionContext, {
+  var udapp = new UniversalDApp({
     removable: false,
     removable_instances: true
   })
@@ -369,12 +360,6 @@ function run () {
       document.querySelector(`.${css.dragbar2}`).style.right = delta + 'px'
       onResize()
     },
-    executionContextChange: (context) => {
-      return executionContext.executionContextChange(context)
-    },
-    executionContextProvider: () => {
-      return executionContext.getProvider()
-    },
     getContracts: () => {
       if (compiler.lastCompilationResult && compiler.lastCompilationResult.data) {
         return compiler.lastCompilationResult.data.contracts
@@ -384,9 +369,6 @@ function run () {
     udapp: () => {
       return udapp
     },
-    executionContext: () => {
-      return executionContext
-    },
     fileProviderOf: (path) => {
       return fileManager.fileProviderOf(path)
     },
@@ -483,7 +465,7 @@ function run () {
       return offsetToLineColumnConverter.offsetToLineColumn(location, file, compiler.lastCompilationResult)
     }
   }
-  var transactionDebugger = new Debugger('#debugger', debugAPI, executionContext.event, editor.event)
+  var transactionDebugger = new Debugger('#debugger', debugAPI, editor.event)
   transactionDebugger.addProvider('vm', executionContext.vm())
   transactionDebugger.addProvider('injected', executionContext.web3())
   transactionDebugger.addProvider('web3', executionContext.web3())
@@ -503,15 +485,6 @@ function run () {
   node.insertBefore(staticanalysis.render(), node.childNodes[0])
 
   // ----------------- Tx listener -----------------
-  // not used right now
-
-  // TODO the following should be put in execution context
-  var web3VM = new Web3VMProvider()
-  web3VM.setVM(executionContext.vm())
-
-  var currentWeb3 = function () {
-    return executionContext.isVM() ? web3VM : executionContext.web3()
-  }
 
   var transactionReceiptResolver = {
     _transactionReceipts: {},
@@ -519,7 +492,7 @@ function run () {
       if (this._transactionReceipts[tx.hash]) {
         return cb(null, this._transactionReceipts[tx.hash])
       }
-      currentWeb3().eth.getTransactionReceipt(tx.hash, (error, receipt) => {
+      executionContext.web3().eth.getTransactionReceipt(tx.hash, (error, receipt) => {
         if (!error) {
           this._transactionReceipts[tx.hash] = receipt
           cb(null, receipt)
@@ -539,18 +512,12 @@ function run () {
 
   var txlistener = new Txlistener({
     api: {
-      web3: function () { return currentWeb3() },
-      isVM: function () { return executionContext.isVM() },
       contracts: compiledContracts,
-      context: function () {
-        return executionContext.getProvider()
-      },
       resolveReceipt: function (tx, cb) {
         transactionReceiptResolver.resolve(tx, cb)
       }
     },
     event: {
-      executionContext: executionContext.event,
       udapp: udapp.event
     }})
 
@@ -575,9 +542,6 @@ function run () {
       },
       compiledContracts: function () {
         return compiledContracts()
-      },
-      context: function () {
-        return executionContext.getProvider()
       }
     },
     events: {
diff --git a/src/app/debugger/debugger.js b/src/app/debugger/debugger.js
index 035649a6a7..6e150c7253 100644
--- a/src/app/debugger/debugger.js
+++ b/src/app/debugger/debugger.js
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 'use strict'
 
 var remix = require('ethereum-remix')
+var executionContext = require('../../execution-context')
 
 /**
  * Manage remix and source highlighting
  */
-function Debugger (id, appAPI, executionContextEvent, editorEvent) {
+function Debugger (id, appAPI, editorEvent) {
   this.el = document.querySelector(id)
   this.debugger = new remix.ui.Debugger()
   this.sourceMappingDecoder = new remix.util.SourceMappingDecoder()
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ function Debugger (id, appAPI, executionContextEvent, editorEvent) {
     this.breakPointManager.add({fileName: fileName, row: row})
   })
 
-  executionContextEvent.register('contextChanged', this, function (context) {
+  executionContext.event.register('contextChanged', this, function (context) {
     self.switchProvider(context)
   })
 
diff --git a/src/app/execution/txFormat.js b/src/app/execution/txFormat.js
index 8343d20795..72c8038c6e 100644
--- a/src/app/execution/txFormat.js
+++ b/src/app/execution/txFormat.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ var ethJSUtil = require('ethereumjs-util')
 var BN = ethJSUtil.BN
 var helper = require('./txHelper')
 var TreeView = require('ethereum-remix').ui.TreeView
+var executionContext = require('../../execution-context')
 
 module.exports = {
   /**
@@ -16,10 +17,9 @@ module.exports = {
     * @param {Object} funAbi    - abi definition of the function to call. null if building data for the ctor.
     * @param {Object} params    - input paramater of the function to call
     * @param {Object} udapp    - udapp
-    * @param {Object} executionContext    - executionContext
     * @param {Function} callback    - callback
     */
-  buildData: function (contract, contracts, isConstructor, funAbi, params, udapp, executionContext, callback) {
+  buildData: function (contract, contracts, isConstructor, funAbi, params, udapp, callback) {
     var funArgs = ''
     try {
       funArgs = $.parseJSON('[' + params + ']')
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ module.exports = {
     if (isConstructor) {
       var bytecodeToDeploy = contract.bytecode
       if (bytecodeToDeploy.indexOf('_') >= 0) {
-        this.linkBytecode(contract, contracts, executionContext, udapp, (err, bytecode) => {
+        this.linkBytecode(contract, contracts, udapp, (err, bytecode) => {
           if (err) {
             callback('Error deploying required libraries: ' + err)
           } else {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ module.exports = {
 
   atAddress: function () {},
 
-  linkBytecode: function (contract, contracts, executionContext, udapp, callback) {
+  linkBytecode: function (contract, contracts, udapp, callback) {
     var bytecode = contract.bytecode
     if (bytecode.indexOf('_') < 0) {
       return callback(null, bytecode)
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ module.exports = {
     if (!libraryabi) {
       return callback('Library ' + libraryName + ' not found.')
     }
-    this.deployLibrary(libraryabi, executionContext, udapp, (err, address) => {
+    this.deployLibrary(libraryabi, udapp, (err, address) => {
       if (err) {
         return callback(err)
       }
@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ module.exports = {
         bytecode = bytecode.replace(libLabel, hexAddress)
       }
       contract.bytecode = bytecode
-      this.linkBytecode(contract, contracts, executionContext, udapp, callback)
+      this.linkBytecode(contract, contracts, udapp, callback)
     })
   },
 
-  deployLibrary: function (libraryName, library, executionContext, udapp, callback) {
+  deployLibrary: function (libraryName, library, udapp, callback) {
     var address = library.address
     if (address) {
       return callback(null, address)
diff --git a/src/app/execution/txListener.js b/src/app/execution/txListener.js
index c8da2e3355..ed34067f3f 100644
--- a/src/app/execution/txListener.js
+++ b/src/app/execution/txListener.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ var ethJSUtil = require('ethereumjs-util')
 var EventManager = require('ethereum-remix').lib.EventManager
 var remix = require('ethereum-remix')
 var codeUtil = remix.util.code
+var executionContext = require('../../execution-context')
 
 /**
   * poll web3 each 2s if web3
@@ -20,15 +21,15 @@ class TxListener {
     this._resolvedTransactions = {}
     this._resolvedContracts = {}
     this.init()
-    opt.event.executionContext.register('contextChanged', (context) => {
+    executionContext.event.register('contextChanged', (context) => {
       if (this.loopId) {
         this.startListening(context)
       }
     })
     opt.event.udapp.register('transactionExecuted', (error, to, data, lookupOnly, txResult) => {
       if (error) return
-      if (this.loopId && this._api.isVM()) {
-        this._api.web3().eth.getTransaction(txResult.transactionHash, (error, tx) => {
+      if (this.loopId && executionContext.isVM()) {
+        executionContext.web3().eth.getTransaction(txResult.transactionHash, (error, tx) => {
           if (error) return console.log(error)
           this._newBlock({
             type: 'VM',
@@ -57,16 +58,16 @@ class TxListener {
   startListening () {
     this.stopListening()
     this.init()
-    if (this._api.context() === 'vm') {
+    if (executionContext.getProvider() === 'vm') {
       this.loopId = 'vm-listener'
     } else {
       this.loopId = setInterval(() => {
-        this._api.web3().eth.getBlockNumber((error, blockNumber) => {
+        executionContext.web3().eth.getBlockNumber((error, blockNumber) => {
           if (this.loopId === null || this.loopId === 'vm-listener') return
           if (error) return console.log(error)
           if (!this.lastBlock || blockNumber > this.lastBlock) {
             this.lastBlock = blockNumber
-            this._api.web3().eth.getBlock(this.lastBlock, true, (error, result) => {
+            executionContext.web3().eth.getBlock(this.lastBlock, true, (error, result) => {
               if (!error) {
                 this._newBlock(Object.assign({type: 'web3'}, result))
               }
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ class TxListener {
   }
 
   _resolveTx (tx, cb) {
+    console.log(tx)
     var contracts = this._api.contracts()
     if (!contracts) return cb()
     var contractName
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ class TxListener {
       // first check known contract, resolve against the `runtimeBytecode` if not known
       contractName = this._resolvedContracts[tx.to]
       if (!contractName) {
-        this._api.web3().eth.getCode(tx.to, (error, code) => {
+        executionContext.web3().eth.getCode(tx.to, (error, code) => {
           if (error) return cb(error)
           if (code) {
             var contractName = this._tryResolveContract(code, contracts, 'runtimeBytecode')
diff --git a/src/app/execution/txLogger.js b/src/app/execution/txLogger.js
index 27e869e040..d5e28a501d 100644
--- a/src/app/execution/txLogger.js
+++ b/src/app/execution/txLogger.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ var EventManager = remix.lib.EventManager
 var helper = require('../../lib/helper')
 var ethJSUtil = require('ethereumjs-util')
 var BN = ethJSUtil.BN
+var executionContext = require('../../execution-context')
 
 /**
   * This just export a function that register to `newTransaction` and forward them to the logger.
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ function renderUnknownTransaction (self, data) {
 }
 
 function context (self, tx) {
-  if (self.opts.api.context() === 'vm') {
+  if (executionContext.getProvider() === 'vm') {
     return yo`<span>(vm)</span>`
   } else {
     return yo`<span>block:${tx.blockNumber}, txIndex:${tx.transactionIndex}`
diff --git a/src/app/execution/txRunner.js b/src/app/execution/txRunner.js
index b7680d67e9..a754129f9b 100644
--- a/src/app/execution/txRunner.js
+++ b/src/app/execution/txRunner.js
@@ -3,15 +3,13 @@ var EthJSTX = require('ethereumjs-tx')
 var EthJSBlock = require('ethereumjs-block')
 var ethJSUtil = require('ethereumjs-util')
 var BN = ethJSUtil.BN
+var executionContext = require('../../execution-context')
 
-function TxRunner (executionContext, vmaccounts, opts) {
-  this.executionContext = executionContext
-  this.web3 = executionContext.web3()
-  this.vm = executionContext.vm()
+function TxRunner (vmaccounts, opts) {
   this.queueTxs = opts.queueTxs
   this.personalMode = opts.personalMode
   this.blockNumber = 0
-  if (this.executionContext.isVM()) {
+  if (executionContext.isVM()) {
     this.blockNumber = 1150000 // The VM is running in Homestead mode, which started at this block.
   }
   this.pendingTxs = {}
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ TxRunner.prototype.execute = function (args, callback) {
   var gasLimit = args.gasLimit
 
   var tx
-  if (!self.executionContext.isVM()) {
+  if (!executionContext.isVM()) {
     tx = {
       from: from,
       to: to,
@@ -44,18 +42,18 @@ TxRunner.prototype.execute = function (args, callback) {
     }
     if (args.useCall) {
       tx.gas = gasLimit
-      self.web3.eth.call(tx, function (error, result) {
+      executionContext.web3().eth.call(tx, function (error, result) {
         callback(error, {
           result: result,
           transactionHash: result.transactionHash
         })
       })
     } else {
-      self.web3.eth.estimateGas(tx, function (err, gasEstimation) {
+      executionContext.web3().eth.estimateGas(tx, function (err, gasEstimation) {
         if (err) {
           return callback(err, gasEstimation)
         }
-        var blockGasLimit = self.executionContext.currentblockGasLimit()
+        var blockGasLimit = executionContext.currentblockGasLimit()
         // NOTE: estimateGas very likely will return a large limit if execution of the code failed
         //       we want to be able to run the code in order to debug and find the cause for the failure
         if (gasEstimation > gasLimit) {
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ TxRunner.prototype.execute = function (args, callback) {
           return callback('Gas required exceeds block gas limit: ' + gasLimit)
         }
         tx.gas = gasEstimation
-        var sendTransaction = self.personalMode ? self.web3.personal.sendTransaction : self.web3.eth.sendTransaction
+        var sendTransaction = self.personalMode ? executionContext.web3().personal.sendTransaction : executionContext.web3().eth.sendTransaction
         sendTransaction(tx, function (err, resp) {
           if (err) {
             return callback(err, resp)
@@ -107,12 +105,12 @@ TxRunner.prototype.execute = function (args, callback) {
       if (!args.useCall) {
         ++self.blockNumber
       } else {
-        self.vm.stateManager.checkpoint()
+        executionContext.vm().stateManager.checkpoint()
       }
 
-      self.vm.runTx({block: block, tx: tx, skipBalance: true, skipNonce: true}, function (err, result) {
+      executionContext.vm().runTx({block: block, tx: tx, skipBalance: true, skipNonce: true}, function (err, result) {
         if (args.useCall) {
-          self.vm.stateManager.revert(function () {})
+          executionContext.vm().stateManager.revert(function () {})
         }
         err = err ? err.message : err
         callback(err, {
@@ -126,11 +124,11 @@ TxRunner.prototype.execute = function (args, callback) {
   }
 }
 
-function tryTillResponse (web3, txhash, done) {
-  web3.eth.getTransactionReceipt(txhash, function (err, result) {
+function tryTillResponse (txhash, done) {
+  executionContext.web3().eth.getTransactionReceipt(txhash, function (err, result) {
     if (!err && !result) {
       // Try again with a bit of delay
-      setTimeout(function () { tryTillResponse(web3, txhash, done) }, 500)
+      setTimeout(function () { tryTillResponse(txhash, done) }, 500)
     } else {
       done(err, {
         result: result,
diff --git a/src/app/tabs/run-tab.js b/src/app/tabs/run-tab.js
index 7963b11d0f..130654472d 100644
--- a/src/app/tabs/run-tab.js
+++ b/src/app/tabs/run-tab.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ var txExecution = require('../execution/txExecution')
 var txFormat = require('../execution/txFormat')
 var txHelper = require('../execution/txHelper')
 var modalDialogCustom = require('../ui/modal-dialog-custom')
+var executionContext = require('../../execution-context')
 const copy = require('clipboard-copy')
 
 // -------------- styling ----------------------
@@ -200,15 +201,15 @@ function runTab (container, appAPI, appEvents, opts) {
   // DROPDOWN
   var selectExEnv = el.querySelector('#selectExEnvOptions')
   selectExEnv.addEventListener('change', function (event) {
-    if (!appAPI.executionContextChange(selectExEnv.options[selectExEnv.selectedIndex].value)) {
-      selectExEnv.value = appAPI.executionContextProvider()
+    if (!executionContext.executionContextChange(selectExEnv.options[selectExEnv.selectedIndex].value)) {
+      selectExEnv.value = executionContext.getProvider()
     }
     fillAccountsList(appAPI, el)
     instanceContainer.innerHTML = '' // clear the instances list
     noInstancesText.style.display = 'block'
     instanceContainer.appendChild(noInstancesText)
   })
-  selectExEnv.value = appAPI.executionContextProvider()
+  selectExEnv.value = executionContext.getProvider()
   fillAccountsList(appAPI, el)
   setInterval(() => {
     updateAccountBalances(container, appAPI)
@@ -299,11 +300,11 @@ function contractDropdown (appAPI, appEvents, instanceContainer) {
     var contract = appAPI.getContracts()[contractNames.children[contractNames.selectedIndex].innerHTML]
     var constructor = txHelper.getConstructorInterface(contract.interface)
     var args = createButtonInput.value
-    txFormat.buildData(contract, contracts, true, constructor, args, appAPI.udapp(), appAPI.executionContext(), (error, data) => {
+    txFormat.buildData(contract, contracts, true, constructor, args, appAPI.udapp(), (error, data) => {
       if (!error) {
         txExecution.createContract(data, appAPI.udapp(), (error, txResult) => {
           if (!error) {
-            var isVM = appAPI.executionContext().isVM()
+            var isVM = executionContext.isVM()
             if (isVM) {
               var vmError = txExecution.checkVMError(txResult)
               if (vmError.error) {
diff --git a/src/execution-context.js b/src/execution-context.js
index f14e91924d..5dc387fc3c 100644
--- a/src/execution-context.js
+++ b/src/execution-context.js
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ var EventManager = require('ethereum-remix').lib.EventManager
 var EthJSVM = require('ethereumjs-vm')
 var ethUtil = require('ethereumjs-util')
 var StateManager = require('ethereumjs-vm/lib/stateManager')
+var remix = require('ethereum-remix')
+var Web3VMProvider = remix.web3.web3VMProvider
 
 var injectedProvider
 
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ if (typeof window.web3 !== 'undefined') {
   web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('http://localhost:8545'))
 }
 
+var blankWeb3 = new Web3()
+
 /*
   extend vm state manager and instanciate VM
 */
@@ -65,6 +69,9 @@ vm.blockchain = stateManager.blockchain
 vm.trie = stateManager.trie
 vm.stateManager.checkpoint()
 
+var web3VM = new Web3VMProvider()
+web3VM.setVM(vm)
+
 /*
   trigger contextChanged, web3EndpointChanged
 */
@@ -82,7 +89,11 @@ function ExecutionContext () {
   }
 
   this.web3 = function () {
-    return web3
+    return this.isVM() ? web3VM : web3
+  }
+  
+  this.blankWeb3 = function () {
+    return blankWeb3
   }
 
   this.vm = function () {
@@ -150,4 +161,4 @@ function ExecutionContext () {
   }
 }
 
-module.exports = ExecutionContext
+module.exports = new ExecutionContext()
diff --git a/src/universal-dapp.js b/src/universal-dapp.js
index 420c7e1e04..a376826154 100644
--- a/src/universal-dapp.js
+++ b/src/universal-dapp.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ var txHelper = require('./app/execution/txHelper')
 var txExecution = require('./app/execution/txExecution')
 var helper = require('./lib/helper')
 var modalDialogCustom = require('./app/ui/modal-dialog-custom')
+var executionContext = require('./execution-context')
 
 // copy to copyToClipboard
 const copy = require('clipboard-copy')
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ var css = csjs`
 /*
   trigger debugRequested
 */
-function UniversalDApp (executionContext, options) {
+function UniversalDApp (options) {
   this.event = new EventManager()
   var self = this
 
@@ -104,13 +105,10 @@ function UniversalDApp (executionContext, options) {
   self.personalMode = self.options.personalMode || false
   self.contracts
   self.transactionContextAPI
-  self.web3 = executionContext.web3()
-  self.vm = executionContext.vm()
-  self.executionContext = executionContext
-  self.executionContext.event.register('contextChanged', this, function (context) {
+  executionContext.event.register('contextChanged', this, function (context) {
     self.reset(self.contracts)
   })
-  self.txRunner = new TxRunner(executionContext, {}, {
+  self.txRunner = new TxRunner({}, {
     queueTxs: true,
     personalMode: this.personalMode
   })
@@ -121,26 +119,26 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.reset = function (contracts, transactionContextAPI) {
   this.contracts = contracts
   this.transactionContextAPI = transactionContextAPI
   this.accounts = {}
-  if (this.executionContext.isVM()) {
+  if (executionContext.isVM()) {
     this._addAccount('3cd7232cd6f3fc66a57a6bedc1a8ed6c228fff0a327e169c2bcc5e869ed49511', '0x56BC75E2D63100000')
     this._addAccount('2ac6c190b09897cd8987869cc7b918cfea07ee82038d492abce033c75c1b1d0c', '0x56BC75E2D63100000')
     this._addAccount('dae9801649ba2d95a21e688b56f77905e5667c44ce868ec83f82e838712a2c7a', '0x56BC75E2D63100000')
     this._addAccount('d74aa6d18aa79a05f3473dd030a97d3305737cbc8337d940344345c1f6b72eea', '0x56BC75E2D63100000')
     this._addAccount('71975fbf7fe448e004ac7ae54cad0a383c3906055a65468714156a07385e96ce', '0x56BC75E2D63100000')
-    this.vm.stateManager.cache.flush(function () {})
+    executionContext.vm().stateManager.cache.flush(function () {})
   }
-  this.txRunner = new TxRunner(this.executionContext, this.accounts, {
+  this.txRunner = new TxRunner(this.accounts, {
     queueTxs: true,
     personalMode: this.personalMode
   })
 }
 
 UniversalDApp.prototype.newAccount = function (password, cb) {
-  if (!this.executionContext.isVM()) {
+  if (!executionContext.isVM()) {
     if (!this.personalMode) {
       return cb('Not running in personal mode')
     }
-    this.web3.personal.newAccount(password, cb)
+    executionContext.web3().personal.newAccount(password, cb)
   } else {
     var privateKey
     do {
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.newAccount = function (password, cb) {
 UniversalDApp.prototype._addAccount = function (privateKey, balance) {
   var self = this
 
-  if (!self.executionContext.isVM()) {
+  if (!executionContext.isVM()) {
     throw new Error('_addAccount() cannot be called in non-VM mode')
   }
 
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype._addAccount = function (privateKey, balance) {
     var address = ethJSUtil.privateToAddress(privateKey)
 
     // FIXME: we don't care about the callback, but we should still make this proper
-    self.vm.stateManager.putAccountBalance(address, balance || '0xf00000000000000001', function cb () {})
+    executionContext.vm().stateManager.putAccountBalance(address, balance || '0xf00000000000000001', function cb () {})
     self.accounts['0x' + address.toString('hex')] = { privateKey: privateKey, nonce: 0 }
   }
 }
@@ -171,13 +169,13 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype._addAccount = function (privateKey, balance) {
 UniversalDApp.prototype.getAccounts = function (cb) {
   var self = this
 
-  if (!self.executionContext.isVM()) {
+  if (!executionContext.isVM()) {
     // Weirdness of web3: listAccounts() is sync, `getListAccounts()` is async
     // See: https://github.com/ethereum/web3.js/issues/442
     if (self.personalMode) {
-      self.web3.personal.getListAccounts(cb)
+      executionContext.web3().personal.getListAccounts(cb)
     } else {
-      self.web3.eth.getAccounts(cb)
+      executionContext.web3().eth.getAccounts(cb)
     }
   } else {
     if (!self.accounts) {
@@ -193,8 +191,8 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.getBalance = function (address, cb) {
 
   address = ethJSUtil.stripHexPrefix(address)
 
-  if (!self.executionContext.isVM()) {
-    self.web3.eth.getBalance(address, function (err, res) {
+  if (!executionContext.isVM()) {
+    executionContext.web3().eth.getBalance(address, function (err, res) {
       if (err) {
         cb(err)
       } else {
@@ -206,7 +204,7 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.getBalance = function (address, cb) {
       return cb('No accounts?')
     }
 
-    self.vm.stateManager.getAccountBalance(new Buffer(address, 'hex'), function (err, res) {
+    executionContext.vm().stateManager.getAccountBalance(new Buffer(address, 'hex'), function (err, res) {
       if (err) {
         cb('Account not found')
       } else {
@@ -223,7 +221,7 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.getBalance = function (address, cb) {
 UniversalDApp.prototype.renderInstance = function (contract, address, contractName) {
   function remove () { $instance.remove() }
   var $instance = $(`<div class="instance ${css.instance}"/>`)
-  var context = this.executionContext.isVM() ? 'memory' : 'blockchain'
+  var context = executionContext.isVM() ? 'memory' : 'blockchain'
 
   address = (address.slice(0, 2) === '0x' ? '' : '0x') + address.toString('hex')
   var shortAddress = helper.shortenAddress(address)
@@ -306,11 +304,11 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.getCallButton = function (args) {
     })
 
   function call () {
-    txFormat.buildData(args.contractAbi, self.contracts, false, args.funABI, inputField.val(), self, self.executionContext, (error, data) => {
+    txFormat.buildData(args.contractAbi, self.contracts, false, args.funABI, inputField.val(), self, (error, data) => {
       if (!error) {
         txExecution.callFunction(args.address, data, args.funABI, self, (error, txResult) => {
           if (!error) {
-            var isVM = self.executionContext.isVM()
+            var isVM = executionContext.isVM()
             if (isVM) {
               var vmError = txExecution.checkVMError(txResult)
               if (vmError.error) {
@@ -319,7 +317,7 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.getCallButton = function (args) {
               }
             }
             if (lookupOnly) {
-              txFormat.decodeResponse(self.executionContext.isVM() ? txResult.result.vm.return : ethJSUtil.toBuffer(txResult.result), args.funABI, (error, decoded) => {
+              txFormat.decodeResponse(executionContext.isVM() ? txResult.result.vm.return : ethJSUtil.toBuffer(txResult.result), args.funABI, (error, decoded) => {
                 $outputOverride.html(error ? 'error' + error : decoded)
               })
             }
@@ -429,7 +427,7 @@ UniversalDApp.prototype.runTx = function (args, cb) {
             return callback('No accounts available')
           }
 
-          if (self.executionContext.isVM() && !self.accounts[ret[0]]) {
+          if (executionContext.isVM() && !self.accounts[ret[0]]) {
             return callback('Invalid account selected')
           }