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135 lines
4.8 KiB
135 lines
4.8 KiB
---
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date: "2021-10-13T16:00:00+02:00"
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title: "Guidelines for Frontend Development"
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slug: "guidelines-frontend"
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weight: 20
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toc: false
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draft: false
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menu:
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sidebar:
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parent: "developers"
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name: "Guidelines for Frontend"
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weight: 20
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identifier: "guidelines-frontend"
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---
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# Guidelines for Frontend Development
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**Table of Contents**
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{{< toc >}}
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## Background
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Gitea uses [Less CSS](https://lesscss.org), [Fomantic-UI](https://fomantic-ui.com/introduction/getting-started.html) (based on [jQuery](https://api.jquery.com)) and [Vue2](https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/) for its frontend.
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The HTML pages are rendered by [Go HTML Template](https://pkg.go.dev/html/template).
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The source files can be found in the following directories:
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* **Less styles:** `web_src/less/`
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* **Javascript files:** `web_src/js/`
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* **Vue layouts:** `web_src/js/components/`
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* **HTML templates:** `templates/`
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## General Guidelines
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We recommend [Google HTML/CSS Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/htmlcssguide.html) and [Google JavaScript Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/jsguide.html)
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### Gitea specific guidelines:
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1. Every feature (Fomantic-UI/jQuery module) should be put in separate files/directories.
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2. HTML ids and classes should use kebab-case.
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3. HTML ids and classes used in JavaScript should be unique for the whole project, and should contain 2-3 feature related keywords. We recommend to use the `js-` prefix for classes that are only used in JavaScript.
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4. jQuery events across different features should use their own namespaces.
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5. CSS styling for classes provided by frameworks should not be overwritten. Always use new class-names to overwrite framework styles. We recommend to use the `us-` prefix for user defined styles.
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6. The backend can pass complex data to the frontend by using `ctx.PageData["myModuleData"] = map[]{}`
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7. Simple pages and SEO-related pages use Go HTML Template render to generate static Fomantic-UI HTML output. Complex pages can use Vue2 (or Vue3 in future).
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### Framework Usage
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Mixing different frameworks together is highly discouraged. A JavaScript module should follow one major framework and follow the framework's best practice.
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Recommended implementations:
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* Vue + Native
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* Fomantic-UI (jQuery)
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* Native only
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Discouraged implementations:
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* Vue + jQuery
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* jQuery + Native
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### `async` Functions
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Only mark a function as `async` if and only if there are `await` calls
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or `Promise` returns inside the function.
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It's not recommended to use `async` event listeners, which may lead to problems.
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The reason is that the code after await is executed outside the event dispatch.
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Reference: https://github.com/github/eslint-plugin-github/blob/main/docs/rules/async-preventdefault.md
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If we want to call an `async` function in a non-async context,
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it's recommended to use `const _promise = asyncFoo()` to tell readers
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that this is done by purpose, we want to call the async function and ignore the Promise.
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Some lint rules and IDEs also have warnings if the returned Promise is not handled.
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#### DOM Event Listener
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```js
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el.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
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(async () => {
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await asyncFoo(); // recommended
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// then we shound't do e.preventDefault() after await, no effect
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})();
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const _promise = asyncFoo(); // recommended
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e.preventDefault(); // correct
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});
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el.addEventListener('async', async (e) => { // not recommended but acceptable
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e.preventDefault(); // acceptable
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await asyncFoo(); // skip out event dispatch
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e.preventDefault(); // WRONG
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});
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```
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#### jQuery Event Listener
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```js
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$('#el').on('click', (e) => {
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(async () => {
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await asyncFoo(); // recommended
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// then we shound't do e.preventDefault() after await, no effect
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})();
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const _promise = asyncFoo(); // recommended
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e.preventDefault(); // correct
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return false; // correct
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});
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$('#el').on('click', async (e) => { // not recommended but acceptable
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e.preventDefault(); // acceptable
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return false; // WRONG, jQuery expects the returned value is a boolean, not a Promise
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await asyncFoo(); // skip out event dispatch
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return false; // WRONG
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});
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```
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### HTML Attributes and `dataset`
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We forbid `dataset` usage, its camel-casing behaviour makes it hard to grep for attributes. However there are still some special cases, so the current guideline is:
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* For legacy code:
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* `$.data()` should be refactored to `$.attr()`.
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* `$.data()` can be used to bind some non-string data to elements in rare cases, but it is highly discouraged.
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* For new code:
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* `node.dataset` should not be used, use `node.getAttribute` instead.
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* never bind any user data to a DOM node, use a suitable design pattern to describe the relation between node and data.
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### Vue2/Vue3 and JSX
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Gitea is using Vue2 now, we plan to upgrade to Vue3. We decided not to introduce JSX to keep the HTML and the JavaScript code separated.
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