The total difficulty is the sum of all block difficulties from genesis
to a certain block. This value was used in PoW for deciding which chain
is heavier, and thus which chain to select. Since PoS has a different
fork selection algorithm, all blocks since the merge have a difficulty
of 0, and all total difficulties are the same for the past 2 years.
Whilst the TDs are mostly useless nowadays, there was never really a
reason to mess around removing them since they are so tiny. This
reasoning changes when we go down the path of pruned chain history. In
order to reconstruct any TD, we **must** retrieve all the headers from
chain head to genesis and then iterate all the difficulties to compute
the TD.
In a world where we completely prune past chain segments (bodies,
receipts, headers), it is not possible to reconstruct the TD at all. In
a world where we still keep chain headers and prune only the rest,
reconstructing it possible as long as we process (or download) the chain
forward from genesis, but trying to snap sync the head first and
backfill later hits the same issue, the TD becomes impossible to
calculate until genesis is backfilled.
All in all, the TD is a messy out-of-state, out-of-consensus computed
field that is overall useless nowadays, but code relying on it forces
the client into certain modes of operation and prevents other modes or
other optimizations. This PR completely nukes out the TD from the node.
It doesn't compute it, it doesn't operate on it, it's as if it didn't
even exist.
Caveats:
- Whenever we have APIs that return TD (devp2p handshake, tracer, etc.)
we return a TD of 0.
- For era files, we recompute the TD during export time (fairly quick)
to retain the format content.
- It is not possible to "verify" the merge point (i.e. with TD gone, TTD
is useless). Since we're not verifying PoW any more, just blindly trust
it, not verifying but blindly trusting the many year old merge point
seems just the same trust model.
- Our tests still need to be able to generate pre and post merge blocks,
so they need a new way to split the merge without TTD. The PR introduces
a settable ttdBlock field on the consensus object which is used by tests
as the block where originally the TTD happened. This is not needed for
live nodes, we never want to generate old blocks.
- One merge transition consensus test was disabled. With a
non-operational TD, testing how the client reacts to TTD is useless, it
cannot react.
Questions:
- Should we also drop total terminal difficulty from the genesis json?
It's a number we cannot react on any more, so maybe it would be cleaner
to get rid of even more concepts.
---------
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
This pull request delivers the new version of the state history, where
the raw storage key is used instead of the hash.
Before the cancun fork, it's supported by protocol to destruct a
specific account and therefore, all the storage slot owned by it should
be wiped in the same transition.
Technically, storage wiping should be performed through storage
iteration, and only the storage key hash will be available for traversal
if the state snapshot is not available. Therefore, the storage key hash
is chosen as the identifier in the old version state history.
Fortunately, account self-destruction has been deprecated by the
protocol since the Cancun fork, and there are no empty accounts eligible
for deletion under EIP-158. Therefore, we can conclude that no storage
wiping should occur after the Cancun fork. In this case, it makes no
sense to keep using hash.
Besides, another big reason for making this change is the current format
state history is unusable if verkle is activated. Verkle tree has a
different key derivation scheme (merkle uses keccak256), the preimage of
key hash must be provided in order to make verkle rollback functional.
This pull request is a prerequisite for landing verkle.
Additionally, the raw storage key is more human-friendly for those who
want to manually check the history, even though Solidity already
performs some hashing to derive the storage location.
---
This pull request doesn't bump the database version, as I believe the
database should still be compatible if users degrade from the new geth
version to old one, the only side effect is the persistent new version
state history will be unusable.
---------
Co-authored-by: Zsolt Felfoldi <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>
Adding some missing functionality I noticed while updating the hivechain
tool for the Prague fork:
- we forgot to process the parent block hash
- added `ConsensusLayerRequests` to get the requests list of the block
This pull request refactors the EVM constructor by removing the
TxContext parameter.
The EVM object is frequently overused. Ideally, only a single EVM
instance should be created and reused throughout the entire state
transition of a block, with the transaction context switched as needed
by calling evm.SetTxContext.
Unfortunately, in some parts of the code, the EVM object is repeatedly
created, resulting in unnecessary complexity. This pull request is the
first step towards gradually improving and simplifying this setup.
---------
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
This is a redo of #29052 based on newer specs. Here we implement EIPs
scheduled for the Prague fork:
- EIP-7002: Execution layer triggerable withdrawals
- EIP-7251: Increase the MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE
Co-authored-by: lightclient <lightclient@protonmail.com>
This implements recent changes to EIP-7685, EIP-6110, and
execution-apis.
---------
Co-authored-by: lightclient <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Shude Li <islishude@gmail.com>
This pull request introduces a state.Reader interface for state
accessing.
The interface could be implemented in various ways. It can be pure trie
only reader, or the combination of trie and state snapshot. What's more,
this interface allows us to have more flexibility in the future, e.g.
the
archive reader (for accessing archive state).
Additionally, this pull request removes the following metrics
- `chain/snapshot/account/reads`
- `chain/snapshot/storage/reads`
This PR adds the bulk verkle witness+proof production at the end of block
production. It reads all data from the tree in one swoop and produces
a verkle proof.
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
This change makes use of uin256 to represent balance in state. It touches primarily upon statedb, stateobject and state processing, trying to avoid changes in transaction pools, core types, rpc and tracers.
This change improves GenerateChain to support internal chain history access (ChainReader)
for the consensus engine and EVM.
GenerateChain takes a `parent` block and the number of blocks to create. With my changes,
the consensus engine and EVM can now access blocks from `parent` up to the block currently
being generated. This is required to make the BLOCKHASH instruction work, and also needed
to create real clique chains. Clique uses chain history to figure out if the current signer is in-turn,
for example.
I've also added some more accessors to BlockGen. These are helpful when creating transactions:
- g.Signer returns a signer instance for the current block
- g.Difficulty returns the current block difficulty
- g.Gas returns the remaining gas amount
Another fix in this commit concerns the receipts returned by GenerateChain. The receipts now
have properly derived fields (BlockHash, etc.) and should generally match what would be
returned by the RPC API.
This PR makes EIP-4788 work in the engine API and miner. It also fixes some bugs related to
EIP-4844 block processing and mining. Changes in detail:
- Header.BeaconRoot has been renamed to ParentBeaconRoot.
- The engine API now implements forkchoiceUpdatedV3
- newPayloadV3 method has been updated with the parentBeaconBlockRoot parameter
- beacon root is now applied to new blocks in miner
- For EIP-4844, block creation now updates the blobGasUsed field of the header
This fixes an issue where the withdrawal index was not calculated correctly
for multiple withdrawals in a single block.
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
This change ports some changes from the main PBSS PR:
- get rid of callback function in `trie.Database.Commit` which is not required anymore
- rework the `nodeResolver` in `trie.Iterator` to make it compatible with multiple state scheme
- some other shallow changes in tests and typo-fixes
This change implements withdrawals as specified in EIP-4895.
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: marioevz <marioevz@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
This PR builds on #26299, but also updates the tests to the most recent version, which includes tests regarding TheMerge.
This change adds checks to the beacon consensus engine, making it more strict in validating the pre- and post-headers, and not relying on the caller to have already correctly sanitized the headers/blocks.
This PR introduces a node scheme abstraction. The interface is only implemented by `hashScheme` at the moment, but will be extended by `pathScheme` very soon.
Apart from that, a few changes are also included which is worth mentioning:
- port the changes in the stacktrie, tracking the path prefix of nodes during commit
- use ethdb.Database for constructing trie.Database. This is not necessary right now, but it is required for path-based used to open reverse diff freezer
This PR changes geth to read the eip1559 params from the chain config instead of the globals.
This way the parameters may be changed by forking the chain config code, without creating a large diff throughout the past and future usages of the parameters.
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
* all: work for eth1/2 transtition
* consensus/beacon, eth: change beacon difficulty to 0
* eth: updates
* all: add terminalBlockDifficulty config, fix rebasing issues
* eth: implemented merge interop spec
* internal/ethapi: update to v1.0.0.alpha.2
This commit updates the code to the new spec, moving payloadId into
it's own object. It also fixes an issue with finalizing an empty blockhash.
It also properly sets the basefee
* all: sync polishes, other fixes + refactors
* core, eth: correct semantics for LeavePoW, EnterPoS
* core: fixed rebasing artifacts
* core: light: performance improvements
* core: use keyed field (f)
* core: eth: fix compilation issues + tests
* eth/catalyst: dbetter error codes
* all: move Merger to consensus/, remove reliance on it in bc
* all: renamed EnterPoS and LeavePoW to ReachTDD and FinalizePoS
* core: make mergelogs a function
* core: use InsertChain instead of InsertBlock
* les: drop merger from lightchain object
* consensus: add merger
* core: recoverAncestors in catalyst mode
* core: fix nitpick
* all: removed merger from beacon, use TTD, nitpicks
* consensus: eth: add docstring, removed unnecessary code duplication
* consensus/beacon: better comment
* all: easy to fix nitpicks by karalabe
* consensus/beacon: verify known headers to be sure
* core: comments
* core: eth: don't drop peers who advertise blocks, nitpicks
* core: never add beacon blocks to the future queue
* core: fixed nitpicks
* consensus/beacon: simplify IsTTDReached check
* consensus/beacon: correct IsTTDReached check
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
* accounts/abi/bind: fix bounded contracts and sim backend for 1559
* accounts/abi/bind, ethclient: don't rely on chain config for gas prices
* all: enable London for all internal tests
* les: get receipt type info in les tests
* les: fix weird test
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
* internal/ethapi: add baseFee to RPCMarshalHeader
* internal/ethapi: add FeeCap, Tip and correct GasPrice to EIP-1559 RPCTransaction results
* core,eth,les,internal: add support for tip estimation in gas price oracle
* internal/ethapi,eth/gasprice: don't suggest tip larger than fee cap
* core/types,internal: use correct eip1559 terminology for json marshalling
* eth, internal/ethapi: fix rebase problems
* internal/ethapi: fix rpc name of basefee
* internal/ethapi: address review concerns
* core, eth, internal, les: simplify gasprice oracle (#25)
* core, eth, internal, les: simplify gasprice oracle
* eth/gasprice: fix typo
* internal/ethapi: minor tweak in tx args
* internal/ethapi: calculate basefee for pending block
* internal/ethapi: fix panic
* internal/ethapi, eth/tracers: simplify txargs ToMessage
* internal/ethapi: remove unused param
* core, eth, internal: fix regressions wrt effective gas price in the evm
* eth/gasprice: drop weird debug println
* internal/jsre/deps: hack in 1559 gas conversions into embedded web3
* internal/jsre/deps: hack basFee to decimal conversion
* internal/ethapi: init feecap and tipcap for legacy txs too
* eth, graphql, internal, les: fix gas price suggestion on all combos
* internal/jsre/deps: handle decimal tipcap and feecap
* eth, internal: minor review fixes
* graphql, internal: export max fee cap RPC endpoint
* internal/ethapi: fix crash in transaction_args
* internal/ethapi: minor refactor to make the code safer
Co-authored-by: Ryan Schneider <ryanleeschneider@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: gary rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
* core/types, miner: create TxWithMinerFee wrapper, add EIP-1559 support to TransactionsByMinerFeeAndNonce
miner: set base fee when creating a new header, handle gas limit, log miner fees
* all: rename to NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce
* core/types, miner: rename to NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce + EffectiveTip
miner: activate 1559 for testGenerateBlockAndImport tests
* core,miner: revert naming to TransactionsByPriceAndTime
* core/types/transaction: update effective tip calculation logic
* miner: update aleut to london
* core/types/transaction_test: use correct signer for 1559 txs + add back sender check
* miner/worker: calculate gas target from gas limit
* core, miner: fix block gas limits for 1559
Co-authored-by: Ansgar Dietrichs <adietrichs@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
This is the initial implementation of EIP-1559 in packages core/types and core.
Mining, RPC, etc. will be added in subsequent commits.
Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
This change introduces garbage collection for the light client. Historical
chain data is deleted periodically. If you want to disable the GC, use
the --light.nopruning flag.
Péter Szilágyi
rjl493456442
Felix Lange
lightclient
Guillaume Ballet
Aaron Chen
Marius van der Wijden
zoereco
Martin HS
Sina Mahmoodi
Delweng
Dan Cline
Mark Tyneway
protolambda
rene
Rob Mulholand